Education & Communication 2024, October
Uranium is used as an energy source for nuclear reactors and was used to build the first atomic bomb, dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. Uranium is extracted with a mineral called uraninite, made up of various isotopes with different atomic weight and level.
Drawing Lewis point structures (also known as Lewis structures or diagrams) can be confusing, especially for a novice chemistry student. If you're starting from scratch or just a refresher, here's the guide for you. Steps Method 1 of 3:
When studying many chemical processes it is essential to know the mechanisms by which different concentrations affect the rate of a reaction. The term "order of reaction" refers to how the concentration of one or more reactants (chemicals) affects the speed with which the reaction develops.
Desalination is the process of removing salt from salt water. Human beings cannot drink salt water: if you drink it by mistake, you can have serious damage. All the simple methods for removing salt from water follow a basic principle: evaporation and collection.
In many atoms, each individual electron is less affected by the effective nuclear charge due to the shielding action of the other electrons. For each electron in an atom, Slater's rule gives a constant screen value represented by the symbol σ.
Baking soda is an alkaline substance that reacts to acidic substances - which includes most liquids - and carbon dioxide is generated from this reaction. Baking soda is a versatile ingredient that can be used in cooking, for personal hygiene and for scientific projects as it becomes effervescent when activated by the right acids.
If you've been given a homework assignment where you need to figure out the empirical formula for a compound, but you have no idea how to start, fear not! wikiHow is here to help! First, take a look at the basic knowledge you need to have to get it, and then move on to the example in the second part.
Naming the ions is a fairly simple process once you have learned the rules behind it. The first aspect to consider is the charge of the ion under consideration (positive or negative) and whether it is composed of a single atom or several atoms.
A chemical equation is the graphical representation, in the form of symbols indicating the chemical elements, of a reaction. The reactants used in the reaction are listed inside the left side of the equation, while the products resulting from the reaction are listed on the right side of the same equation.
The percentage mass of a molecule is the percentage of each individual element in the mass of a molecule. The percentage mass of an element in a compound is expressed as the proportion of the element's molar mass to the total molecular mass, multiplied by 100.
Chemical equations are different from those of classical mathematics. Mathematical equations establish equality between two numbers or between two elements. These numbers or elements are placed to the right and left of the equal sign (=) and can be inverted without altering the equation, since they mathematically have the same value.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is the measure of organic or inorganic substances dissolved in a certain liquid, and represents the proportion of the various solids. There are several uses for TDS: to show the level of purity of water, for example, and it can be used in agriculture.
The minimal - or empirical - formula of a compound is the simplest way to write its composition. You should be able to determine that of each compound as long as you know the mass of each element, the percentage masses or the molecular formula.
Solubility is a concept used in chemistry to express the ability of a solid compound to dissolve completely in a liquid without leaving undissolved particles. Only ionic compounds are soluble. To solve practical questions, it is sufficient to memorize some rules or refer to a table of soluble compounds, to know if most of the ionic compound remains solid or if a considerable amount dissolves once immersed in water.
How is salt obtained from salt water? For centuries, this question has engaged sailors and science students. The answer is simple - evaporation. When you let the salt water evaporate (through natural or artificial heat), only the water evaporates - the salt remains.
Net ionic equations are a very important aspect of chemistry, as they only represent entities that are changed within a chemical reaction. Normally, this type of equation is used for the chemical redox reactions (in jargon simply called 'redox reactions'), double exchange and acid-base neutralization The main steps to obtain a net ionic equation are three:
Molar absorbivity, also known as the molar extinction coefficient, measures the ability of a chemical species to absorb a given wavelength of light. This information allows you to perform a comparative analysis between different chemical compounds without having to take into account the differences in concentration or size of the solution during the measurements.
Dilution is the process by which a concentrated solution is made less concentrated. There are many reasons for wanting to dilute, from the most serious to the most random. For example, biochemists dilute solutions from their concentrated form to create new solutions for use in their own experiments, while, completely on the other hand, bartenders often dilute liquors with light drinks or juice to create quieter cocktails.
It is always advisable to purchase the most diluted acid possible suitable for your specific needs, both for safety reasons and to facilitate its use. However, it is sometimes necessary to further dilute. Do not neglect protective equipment, as concentrated acids can cause severe chemical burns.
Every time you combine chemicals, whether in the kitchen or in the laboratory, you create new ones that are called "products". During these chemical reactions, the heat can be absorbed and released from the surrounding environment.
To calculate the power (watts) absorbed by an electronic device just solve a simple equation. The only information necessary for the calculation is the number of amperes (A) and the number of volts required for the operation of the device in question.
To separate the salt from the sand or sugar you will have to try your hand at chemistry. Both salt and sugar dissolve in water, so you won't be able to use it to separate them. However, you can do this using an alcohol solution. Steps Part 1 of 3:
Water can be distilled through very simple and reproducible processes even in your home. When you are able to eliminate the solid components, minerals and chemical compounds present from the water, you will have obtained distilled water. You can use it for various purposes, for example to drink it, to water the plants, to operate your humidifier, the iron or your aquarium.
In physics, tension is the force exerted by a rope, wire, cable, and the like on one or more objects. Anything that is pulled, hung, supported or swung is subject to the force of tension. Like any other force, tension can cause an object to accelerate or deform it.
A pendulum consists of a mass suspended on a wire or cable that rocks back and forth. Pendulums are found in ancient clocks, metronomes, seismometers, and certain incense burners, and can be used to explain complex physics problems. Steps Method 1 of 3:
While there is no direct way to convert watts (W) to amperes (A), it is possible to calculate the intensity of the current flowing in an electrical circuit using the physical relationships that tie electrical current, power, and voltage. These bonds vary according to the type of power supply used:
A storm is approaching, and suddenly there is thunder, it seems very close, even scary! But how "close" is lightning really? Calculating the distance to the lightning bolt can make you feel at ease if you are in a safe place or, conversely, it can convince you to find it as soon as possible.
Force is a vector physical quantity that describes the interaction that occurs with an object to set it in motion or give it an acceleration. Newton's second law describes how force relates to the mass and acceleration of a body and is used to calculate its value.
A capacitor is an elementary electronic component that stores electrical charge similar to a battery. Capacitors are versatile, and are used in very important electronic circuits such as radio tuners and signal generators. A capacitor is very simple:
When connecting electrical devices to a power source, you can proceed with a parallel or series connection. In the first case, the electric current flows through different paths and each device has its own independent circuit. This arrangement offers the advantage of not interrupting the flow of energy when an element does not work, as it does for the one in series.
The force of gravity is one of the fundamental forces of physics. Its most important aspect is that it is universally valid: all objects have a gravitational force that attracts others. The force of gravity exerted on an object depends on the mass of the bodies examined and the distance that separates them.
The buoyancy is a force that acts in the opposite direction to gravity on all objects immersed in a fluid. The weight pushes the object onto the fluid (liquid or gas) while the buoyancy brings it up, counteracting gravity. In general terms, the hydrostatic force can be calculated by the formula F.
One of the favorite devices of science fiction writers and action movie writers is the electromagnetic pulse generator (EMP). An EMP is able to disable all electronic tools that are within its scope; be careful, though, as it could prove dangerous, and monitor children closely in case they want to try their hand at this project.
Normal force is the amount of force needed to counteract the action of external forces present in a given scenario. To calculate the normal force one must consider the circumstances of the object and the data available for the variables. Read on for more information.
The bulb is made up of a filament that heats up until it becomes incandescent; the best known models are the incandescent bulbs which are widely used in homes. This article shows you how to build one. Steps Method 1 of 2: Making a Simple Graphite Light Bulb Step 1.
The resulting force is the sum of all the forces acting on an object taking into account their intensity, direction and direction (vector sum). An object with a resultant force of zero is stationary. When there is no balance between the forces, ie the resulting one is greater or less than zero, the object is subjected to acceleration.
Wind turbines generate energy, just like old windmills. Instead of using it to grind grain, however, modern turbines harness the wind to generate and store electricity, helping to meet the demand for renewable energy. Industrial turbines are too big for households, but you can learn how to build a smaller version to meet your energy needs.
The electromagnet is a classic scientific experiment, often carried out in the school environment. The idea is to turn an iron nail into a magnet using a copper coil and a battery. The principle of operation of an electromagnet is based on the transfer of electrons, subatomic particles that carry a negative charge, from the battery into the coil.
Frequency, also called wave frequency, is a quantity that measures the total number of repeated waves or oscillations in a given time interval. There are several ways to calculate the frequency, depending on the information and data available to you.
You may have already heard that "opposites attract"; While it is not always the best advice for a relationship, it does represent the fundamental rule for the polarity of magnets. Since humans live on a huge magnet (planet Earth), by understanding how low-scale polarity works you can understand the mechanisms of the Earth's magnetic field that protects us from space radiation.