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Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

In chemistry, mass percentage indicates the percentage of each component of a mixture. To calculate it, you need to know the molar mass of the elements present in the mixture in grams / mole or the number of grams used to make the solution. You can get this value simply by using a formula, which divides the mass of the component (or solute) by the mass of the mixture (or solution).

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Matter exists in three different states: solid, liquid or gaseous. Follow this scientific experiment to see how it is possible to change the state of a given solution or compound using different methods, from very simple to very complex ones.

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In chemistry, the valence electrons of an element are found in the outermost electron shell. The number of valence electrons in an atom determines the types of chemical bonds that atom will be able to form. The best way to find valence electrons is to use the table of elements.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

In chemistry, mass percentage indicates the percentage of each component of a mixture. To calculate it, you need to know the molar mass of the elements in the mixture in grams / mole or the number of grams used to make the solution. You can get this value simply by using a formula, which divides the mass of the component (or solute) by the mass of the mixture (or solution).

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

In chemistry, the terms "oxidation" and "reduction" refer to reactions in which an atom (or group of atoms) loses or acquires electrons, respectively. Oxidation numbers are numbers assigned to atoms (or groups of atoms) that help chemists keep track of how many electrons are available for transfer and check whether certain reactants are oxidized or reduced in a reaction.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

The periodic table of elements is a very useful tool to know, regardless of whether the date for an exam is approaching or you just want to learn something new. Memorizing all 118 elements can seem quite complex, especially since each is identified with a unique symbol and an atomic number.

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The atomic number represents the number of protons within the nucleus of a single atom of an element. This value cannot change, so it can be used to derive other characteristics, such as the number of electrons and neutrons in an atom. Steps Part 1 of 2:

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

It is important to measure the pH of the water, i.e. its acidity or alkalinity level. The water is absorbed by the plants and animals on which we depend and we drink it ourselves. This data provides us with various information and allows us to understand if the water is potentially contaminated.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

The electron is a negatively charged particle that is part of the atom. All the basic elements are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons. One of the fundamental concepts that must be mastered in chemistry is the ability to determine how many electrons there are in an atom.

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Have you ever left a bottle of water exposed to the sun for a few hours and hear a "hiss" when opening it? This phenomenon is caused by a principle called "vapor pressure" (or vapor pressure). In chemistry it is defined as the pressure exerted by an evaporating substance (which turns into gas) on the walls of an airtight container.

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In chemistry, "partial pressure" means the pressure that each gas present in a mixture exerts on the container, for example a flask, a diver's air cylinder or the limits of an atmosphere; it is possible to calculate it if you know the quantity of each gas, the volume it occupies and its temperature.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

A variety of minerals are referred to as salts and provide sea water with its characteristic qualities. Outside of laboratory experiments, it is commonly measured by aquarium enthusiasts, and by farmers who are interested in understanding the presence of any salt clusters in the soil.

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Protons, neutrons and electrons are the three main particles that make up an atom. Just as their names suggest, protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have a neutral charge. The mass of electrons is very small, while that of neutrons and protons is practically identical.

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Hydrocarbons, or compounds made up of a chain of hydrogen and carbon, are the basis of organic chemistry. It is necessary to learn to name them according to the IUPAC nomenclature, or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which is the currently accepted method for naming hydrocarbon chains.

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The study of chemistry, like that of other scientific subjects in which mathematics is widely used, requires commitment and effort. It is necessary to learn equations, formulas and graphs; some concepts need to be learned by heart, while others require a deep understanding of chemical structures and mathematical equations.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

If you need to find the molecular formula of a mysterious compound within an experiment, you can do the calculations based on the data you get from that experiment and some key information available. Read on to learn how to proceed. Steps Part 1 of 3:

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Molarity describes the ratio of moles of a solute to the volume of a solution. For a more detailed explanation on how to find molarity by having moles, liters, grams, and / or milliliters, read on. Steps Method 1 of 4: Calculate the Molarity with Moles and Volume Step 1.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

All chemists, biologists, environmentalists and laboratory technicians use pH to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; the pH meter, or pH meter, is very useful and represents the most accurate instrument to measure this value. There are many simple steps, ranging from the preparation of the materials to the methodical calibration of the instrument and its use, which guarantee to obtain measurements with the highest possible precision;

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

You may be familiar with dry ice because you use it around Halloween or during the summer to keep drinks cold. Dry ice has multiple uses and is particularly useful if the freezer breaks. Carbon dioxide in solid form is known as dry ice. When it dissolves, it reverts to the gaseous state in the form of carbon dioxide, which is colorless and tasteless.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

To obtain sodium acetate you just need a few ingredients that are easily available in the kitchen. It is fun and practical to use and you can use it to make "hot ice" and / or hot ice sculptures. You can also put it in some bags to use as reusable hand warmers.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound commonly found in pesticides to kill bacteria, algae, plants, snails and fungi. It is the result of the combination of sulfuric acid and cupric oxide; it is also used to develop bright blue crystals as a fun science experiment.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Citric acid is available to the public through several sales channels. The place where you decide to buy it depends on the use you want to make of it and the quantity you need. It is a weak acid that industry and ordinary people often use because it is a preservative, a chelator and has a sour taste.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide and reaches very low temperatures. It lends itself to various uses, although the most obvious is to keep objects cold. One of the advantages of dry ice is that it leaves no traces of liquid as it sublimes, that is, it returns to the gaseous state when it reaches a temperature of -78.

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All chemical reactions (and therefore all chemical equations) must be balanced. Matter cannot be created or destroyed, so the products resulting from a reaction must match the participating reactants, even if they are arranged differently. Stoichiometry is the technique that chemists use to ensure that a chemical equation is perfectly balanced.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

You can easily make basic chemical solutions both at home and at work and in different ways; whether you want to make them from a powdered compound or by diluting another liquid, you can easily determine the correct doses of each substance and solution to use.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Cyanuric acid is a chlorine stabilizer commonly used in outdoor swimming pools. The presence of this substance is fine as long as it is in the range of 30 to 50 ppm (parts per million). You should periodically check the concentration of cyanuric acid in the pool water to make sure it is within these values.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

In chemistry, the mole is a standard unit of measurement that refers to the individual elements that make up a substance. Often the quantities of the compounds are expressed in grams, therefore needing to be converted into moles. You'll get a clearer picture of the number of molecules you work with if you make this conversion instead of using weight, which can vary from one molecule to another.

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This article will teach you how to build a smoke bomb. It's by far the best recipe, and even beginners will make smoke bombs in no time. Steps Step 1. Calculate 60 grams of potassium nitrate and 40 grams of sugar If you don't have a scale, don't worry - the ratio is 3 parts of potassium nitrate to every 2 parts of sugar, so you can use a teaspoon or something.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Carbon dioxide, better known as carbon dioxide, is a gas consisting of one carbon and two oxygen atoms, represented by the chemical symbol CO 2 . It is the molecule that creates bubbles in carbonated drinks and often also in alcoholic ones, which makes bread rise, characterizes the propellant of some aerosols and the foam of fire extinguishers.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Calling it a science experiment would not be correct (it is a demonstration!), But no matter what we want to call it, an explosion is a great way to have fun with science! Whether you are looking for a serious science project or you just want to have fun using your brain, there are many ways to create different types of explosion.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

You are in a chemistry lab and you need to do a distillation. There is a possibility that you need to use a Bunsen burner to heat the liquid mixture until it boils. In fact, Bunsen burners are the most used heat source in elementary, organic or inorganic chemistry laboratories.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

There crystallization (or recrystallization) is the most important method for the purification of organic compounds. The process of removing crystallization impurities implies that a compound is dissolved in a suitable hot solvent, that the solution is allowed to cool so that it becomes saturated with the so purified compound, that it crystallizes, isolating it by filtration, that its surface is washed with solvent cold to remove residual impurities and let it dry.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Uranium is used as an energy source for nuclear reactors and was used to build the first atomic bomb, dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. Uranium is extracted with a mineral called uraninite, made up of various isotopes with different atomic weight and level.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Drawing Lewis point structures (also known as Lewis structures or diagrams) can be confusing, especially for a novice chemistry student. If you're starting from scratch or just a refresher, here's the guide for you. Steps Method 1 of 3:

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When studying many chemical processes it is essential to know the mechanisms by which different concentrations affect the rate of a reaction. The term "order of reaction" refers to how the concentration of one or more reactants (chemicals) affects the speed with which the reaction develops.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Desalination is the process of removing salt from salt water. Human beings cannot drink salt water: if you drink it by mistake, you can have serious damage. All the simple methods for removing salt from water follow a basic principle: evaporation and collection.

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In many atoms, each individual electron is less affected by the effective nuclear charge due to the shielding action of the other electrons. For each electron in an atom, Slater's rule gives a constant screen value represented by the symbol σ.

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Baking soda is an alkaline substance that reacts to acidic substances - which includes most liquids - and carbon dioxide is generated from this reaction. Baking soda is a versatile ingredient that can be used in cooking, for personal hygiene and for scientific projects as it becomes effervescent when activated by the right acids.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

If you've been given a homework assignment where you need to figure out the empirical formula for a compound, but you have no idea how to start, fear not! wikiHow is here to help! First, take a look at the basic knowledge you need to have to get it, and then move on to the example in the second part.

Last modified: 2025-01-24 13:01

Naming the ions is a fairly simple process once you have learned the rules behind it. The first aspect to consider is the charge of the ion under consideration (positive or negative) and whether it is composed of a single atom or several atoms.