In order to do any of the things you wanted when you brought your digital camera with you, you need to understand the exposure. Even if you have been able to take some good photos straight out of the box, once you have the right understanding of the exposure you will find that the photos you take will surpass the title of 'snapshot' and become photographs and memories.
Steps
Step 1. Understand what "image exposure" is and how it will affect your photographs
Exposure is a hyperonymic term that refers to two aspects of photography - it refers to how to control the light and darkness of the image.
- Exposure is controlled by the machine's light meter. The light meter determines what the appropriate exposure is; in all it controls f-stop and aperture speed. The f-stop is a fraction; the f represents the focal length. The f-stop is determined by dividing the focal length by the aperture. f / 2.8 would be 1 / 2.8 versus f / 16 which would be 1/16. If you look at them as slices of cake, you will have much more cake with 1 / 2.8 than with 1/16.
- It can be very frustrating, but you have to figure out the f-stops and aperture speeds on each photo to get the right light or light and darkness and exposure.
- A good way to understand is "think of a bucket with a hole in the bottom. If you have a large hole in the bottom, (large opening), the water will drain quickly (high diaphragm speed). Conversely, for the same amount of water, if you have a small hole in the bottom of the bucket (small opening), it will take longer to drain the water (slow diaphragm speed). " Aperture and shutter speed explained.
- The exposure or light and dark of a photo is a combination of the f-stop, which is the size of the hole in the lens, and the speed of the aperture, which is the amount of time the aperture remains open. So if you keep the aperture open longer, you let more light into the film or digital sensors, and the photo becomes brighter, or clearer. If you shorten the exposure (give less light to the film or digital sensor), the exposure darkens. Slower aperture speed: more exposure, more light; faster aperture speed: less exposure, less light.
Step 2. Learn what the "f-stop" is
"F-stop" (also called "f-number") means fraction and the f-number is the fraction of the effective lens aperture compared to the focal length of the lens. The opening is the part through which the light passes.
Step 3. Try this example
Suppose you have a lens with a focal length of 50mm and the f-number is f / 1.8. The f-number is determined by focal length / aperture. So 50 / x = 1, 8 or x ~ = 28. The effective diameter through which the light passes on the lens is 28mm wide. If the lens had an f-stop of 1, for example, the aperture would be 50mm, because 50/1 = 50. This is what f-stop really means.
Step 4. Study the "manual exposure" mode of your digital camera
In manual mode you can set both the f-stop and the aperture speed. If you really want to control light, exposure, and how the photo works, you need to learn how to use the manual exposure mode; it's not just for brains and those who still use film! Manual mode is still advisable today, even with digital, because it's really how you control the look and feel of your photo.
Step 5. Understand why you would like to change the exposure
Aperture is very important for checking the photo; let the light in, and the light is the most important thing for your photo. Without light, you will not have a photo.
- Set the aperture to control both the light and the amount of what's in focus; in other words, the depth of field.
- Set a wide aperture, such as f / 2 or 2.8, to blur the background and have your subject razor sharp. Also, you'll probably want to use the widest aperture possible when shooting in low light to avoid blur.
- Shoot at medium aperture, 5.6 or 8 so that the subject is in focus and the background is slightly out of focus but still recognizable.
- Shoot at small apertures, like f / 11 and possibly smaller, if you want a panorama where you want the flowers in front, the river and the mountains all in focus. Depending on the format, too small apertures such as f / 16 will cause a loss of focus due to diffraction effects.
- For many photographers, aperture is much more important for beautiful photos than aperture speed, because it controls the depth of field of the photo, where it is difficult to distinguish a photo taken at 1/250 seconds from one taken at 1. / 1000.
Step 6. Understand why you might want to change the ISO
You can change the ISO on your digital camera to control the camera's sensitivity to light. In very bright light, we set the camera to be less sensitive, to give us a photo with less noise since the aperture speed is quite fast at 100 ISO. In dim light where there is less ambient light, you need more sensitivity in the car. Then, raise the ISO from 100 to maybe 1600 or even 6400, to get enough light to get a photo in focus. Pra, what's the catch? By raising the ISO, you will have more noise (the equivalent of film grain) in the photo and less color, so make sure you keep the ISO as low as you can, without having it low enough to end up with blurry photos.
Step 7. Determine which ISO you need for your shot
The ISO on your digital camera is exactly what it would be on film. It was customary to buy the film depending on the light that was used. Today, we set the ISO on the car depending on the light.
- How is it set up? On some cameras there is a button right on top of the machine that says ISO. Press the button, turn the crank, and change it.
- For some machines you have to go into the menu and find the ISO options. Click on the ISO settings, turn the controls and change it. So you set the ISO on your digital camera.
Step 8. Stop the action by changing the aperture speed on your camera
Change the speed of the diaphragm to affect the ability to stop an action. If you are taking a photo while holding the camera, you will need an aperture speed that is just as fast or faster than your equivalent focal length. In other words, if you shoot from a 100mm lens, an aperture speed of 1 / 100th of a second would be optimal. Blurs can be eliminated at these speeds.
Step 9. If you photograph moving subjects, change the aperture speed to parameters ranging from 1/500 to 1/1000 to freeze moving subjects
Step 10. If you are taking pictures in dim light, where you need more light to enter through the aperture, set the aperture speed to 1/30 or 1/15 of a second
When you do this, the action will blur, so use 1/30 or 1/15 when there is little light or when you want to get a blur in the action.
- Average aperture speed: 125 or 250 for most photos.
- High aperture speed: 500 or 1000 for action.
- Thirtieth or fifteenth of a second to blur the action or under dim light.
Step 11. Learn how to change the aperture speed in your camera
You may have the option of a knob, a button on the camera, or you may have to do it in-camera.
Step 12. Bring the margin of error always towards underexposure
Obviously, it goes without saying that you want a great exposure, but if you just can't get the exact one, you tend to go towards underexposure (let the scene be a little dark). When a photo is overexposed, all information is lost and cannot be recovered. With underexposed photos, you have a better chance of recovering the image through post-production. You can set your camera to underexpose using EV compensation.
Step 13. Learn your camera's "program mode"
The exposure modes on your camera allow you to control how to change the photo. The basic mode is "P" mode (program mode) and it allows you to manipulate the aperture speed or aperture settings, and it will calibrate the other value for you so that the photo is perfectly exposed according to the light meter. The advantage of program mode is that you don't have to know much. It is just above the automatic or "idiot-proof" green mode.
Step 14. Familiarize yourself with the "open priority" mode
On your digital camera you have the choice of "A-mode" or aperture priority. In aperture priority mode (it is a way of determining exposure); the photographer chooses aperture or f-stop. The camera will choose the aperture speed for you. The opening priority mode can be considered the most useful of the modes. Then, you select the f-stop, be it f / 2.8 to blur the background, f / 8 for moderate depth of field, or f / 16 to get everything in focus.
Step 15. Investigate your camera's aperture priority mode
Be at least somewhat familiar with your camera's aperture speed. The advantage of aperture speed is that you set the number that is most convenient or most comfortable to use. Then the camera will choose the other number, or f-stop. On your camera, the aperture priority mode can be S or TV, depending on the camera.
- In aperture priority mode, choose the aperture speed and the camera will choose the f-stop.
- When you are in aperture priority, the camera will take the photo at that aperture speed regardless of how correctly the photo will be exposed or not.
