Dandruff is a common skin condition affecting the scalp, ears, eyebrows, beard and sides of the nose. You can develop it from an early age, when you are a newborn, in this case it is referred to as "cradle cap", but also during adolescence and adulthood. Dandruff looks like fine flakes of dry skin on the scalp or other areas of the body that may be pink or red from inflammation. If you have this condition, you can probably see the fine flakes of skin on your shoulders and chest, especially when you are wearing dark clothing. Severe or chronic cases are a source of frustration and embarrassment, as well as causing itching and discomfort. You can treat dandruff with home remedies, with professional products and by taking the right precautions to prevent it from developing on the head and other parts of the body.
Steps
Method 1 of 3: Using Professional Products
Step 1. Try an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains zinc or salicylic acid
If the dandruff is quite abundant, you can try specific shampoos whose active ingredients are able to kill the fungi, in case the latter are responsible for the problem. Go to the pharmacy and look for a cleaner that contains:
- Zinc pyrithione. It is a substance that kills the malassezia fungus, a pathogen that in some cases is responsible for the development of dandruff. Products such as "Head & Shoulders" contain this element.
- Salicylic acid. It is able to soften dead skin cells found on the scalp by detaching and removing them. It can be found in products such as "Restivoil Zero dandruff oil-shampoo". Be aware that you may experience some dry skin after using a shampoo that contains it; in this case, always apply a conditioner to ensure hydration of the scalp.
- Selenium disulfide. This ingredient slows down the development of scalp cells and kills the fungi that cause dandruff. It is present in the "Selsun Blu" product. However, this shampoo is not recommended for people with blond or chemically treated hair, as it can cause dark spots.
- Shampoo with ketoconazole. This cleanser contains a very powerful antifungal active ingredient that is able to treat and prevent dandruff. You can find it in "Nizora".
- Shampoo with vegetable tar. This product slows down the production of dead skin cells and prevents dandruff. An example is "Euphidra hcs shampoo".
- If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you shouldn't use certain types of dandruff shampoos. Always read the instructions on the label before use and ask your doctor for advice if in doubt.
Step 2. Apply the shampoo as directed on the package
When you opt for this kind of product, it is important to use it correctly so that the treatment is as effective as possible. You can wash your hair daily or every other day until the dandruff is under control. The exception is the ketoconazole shampoo which should only be used twice a week.
- Apply it by massaging the scalp and then wait for the product to act for at least five minutes, so that the active ingredients can take effect. If you realize that one type of product has lost its effectiveness, try alternating it with another.
- If a shampoo seems effective, gradually reduce its use to two or three times a week. If, on the other hand, you do not see any results even after several weeks and the situation remains quite serious, then you should contact your dermatologist for prescription products.
Step 3. Try over-the-counter creams
In combination with anti-dandruff shampoos you can use medical creams to be applied to the scalp. There are two creams studied in this regard:
- Creams with corticosteroids. They are able to reduce all types of inflammation and dryness of the skin. Cortisones are generally not available without a prescription, but some low-dose ointments (between 0.5% and 1%) are free for sale. You can spread them on your scalp and damp hair after using the anti-dandruff shampoo.
- Antifungal creams. In the event that dandruff is caused by a fungal infection, these creams are effective because they kill the yeasts that live on the skin, including the scalp. Choose an over-the-counter product with 1% clotrimazole and 2% miconazole. You can smear this product once or twice a day.
Method 2 of 3: Using Home Remedies
Step 1. Apply aspirin to your head
Aspirin contains salicylates, the active ingredients of several anti-dandruff shampoos formulated with salicylic acid. Aspirin is a quick and easy way to treat dandruff at home.
- Take two aspirin tablets, crush them to form a fine powder and add this to the shampoo.
- Apply the shampoo with aspirin on the hair creating a nice lather to massage on the scalp. Let the product sit for a minute or two before rinsing off.
- At the end, wash your hair again using only the shampoo to remove any residual dust.
Step 2. Try natural oils to moisturize your skin
Coconut oil, almond oil and olive oil keep the scalp soft and hydrated, thus preventing the development of dandruff.
- Heat 240ml of the oil of your choice in a bowl; it must be warm to the touch but not hot. Then apply it all over your head massaging carefully.
- Use a towel to wrap your hair, head, and let the pack sit overnight.
- The next morning, rinse your hair to remove any greasy traces.
Step 3. Rinse your hair with apple cider vinegar
This is a natural astringent product that prevents the scalp from cracking and filling with dandruff in case it is caused by a mycosis. You can use it as a rinse after washing your hair with shampoo.
- Mix two cups of apple cider vinegar with equal cold water.
- Lean over the sink or tub and rinse your head with the mixture.
- You can also apply white vinegar directly to your hair and then wrap it in a towel. Let the product work overnight and then proceed with a regular shampoo the next morning.
Step 4. Try baking soda
This very common product is a fantastic "anti-dandruff" home remedy.
- Instead of using shampoo, wash your hair with baking soda. Just take a handful and rub it into your scalp. At the end, rinse thoroughly using warm water.
- You can continue to use baking soda in place of regular shampoo to wash your hair and manage dandruff.
Method 3 of 3: Preventing Dandruff
Step 1. Wash your hair regularly
If you maintain proper hygiene, you prevent the development of dandruff and keep both hair and scalp healthy. Try to wash your hair once a day, especially if your scalp is irritated or greasy.
Step 2. Do not use hair spray or gel
Hair styling products such as hairspray, gels, mousses and wax cause sebum build-up on the hair and scalp, promoting the development of dandruff. Give up these substances, especially if you already have oily skin or are showing early signs of dandruff.
Step 3. Spend more time outdoors and in the sun
Studies have shown that sunlight can prevent this ailment. But remember to always apply sunscreen all over your body before going out to avoid damage caused by sun exposure.
Step 4. Reduce Stress
Psychological and emotional pressure can make the situation worse. Work to reduce the stress and anxiety you have to endure at home, at school, or at work.
Step 5. Eat a diet rich in zinc and B vitamins
If you eat balanced and get zinc, B vitamins and healthy fats, you can avoid the fungi that in some cases cause dandruff.
