Bicycles are available in a huge range of models, sizes and types, so much so that buying one is becoming a kind of homework. The good news, however, is that your personal comfort is more important than the scientific perfection of the measurements. Once you know the basic elements of a bike and their measurements, a couple of test rides will be enough to feel confident enough to buy the right bike for you.
Steps
Method 1 of 3: Buy a Road Bike
Step 1. Buy a road bike if you plan to use it mostly on paved roads
There are many models that belong to this category, and they differ in style and functionality. All of them, however, are built to tackle smooth, compact city streets or undemanding trails. Road bikes are the most common and we can classify them in a few sub-categories:
- Racing: they are aerodynamic, fast and light; it is the most popular model among people who tackle city streets every day. They consist of lightweight frames, thin tires, and are not usually meant to carry extra items. Their components are designed to reach maximum speed on any track: from long flat routes to big climbs.
- City-bike: These bikes have wider tires and stronger frames. They are designed to tackle different types of terrain, from city streets to cycle paths, up to some non-demanding off-road tracks. They are usually designed to be able to withstand a little extra weight, so they are the most used for commuting to work, shopping or some short-haul trips.
- From cycle tourism: These models are built for long journeys where you have to carry everything you need. They are sturdy, without too many unnecessary embellishments, impact resistant and can carry a lot of weight. Thanks to all these features, touring bicycles are also well suited as city bikes and for commuting from home to work.
- From triathalon or for time trials: these bikes are built for speed; they are very expensive and light as feathers; they have special handlebars that allow the rider to lean forward and offer minimal resistance to the air.
Step 2. Learn how to measure a bicycle frame
The main factor that must be taken into consideration when buying a bike is the size of the frame. This is the metal body of the bike and is measured at three key points. Although most frames are classified by only one value, knowing what the other sizes are allows you to buy the right bike for you.
- Seat tube (stem): it is the vertical tube that connects the seat to the pedals. It is measured from the center of the crank (the disc to which the pedals are attached).
- Horizontal tube: as the term itself says, it is the horizontal element of the frame that connects the handlebar to the saddle; its size determines the ability to "reach" the handlebar.
- Steering height: is the small front vertical section that is measured from the point where the tube begins to divide around the wheel to the handlebar tube. This measurement is also important, because it affects the ability to "reach" the handlebar itself.
Step 3. Measure the length of the inside of the leg.
Stand upright with feet 15 cm apart; at this point measure the distance that separates the pubic bone (the point where the leg joins the groin) from the inside of the foot. Take this value in centimeters, as road bikes are measured in this unit.
Step 4. Multiply the value you found by 0.67 and you will get an estimate of the seat tube length that suits you best
For example, if your horse's measurement is 85cm, then the saddle tube should be 56.95cm - rounded off to 57cm.
Typically, although not always, the saddle tube is measured from the center of the crank to the top of the tube
Step 5. Make sure you can stand comfortably with the top tube between your legs
In city traffic, you will inevitably encounter red lights and you will have to be able to put one foot on the ground while you wait. Sit on the bike and make sure you can land both feet safely. If this is not possible for you, then choose a model with a smaller frame.
Step 6. Try different models to figure out what your "reach" is (horizontal distance between the handlebar and the projection of the center of the crank)
There are several mathematical formulas to understand what the correct reach value is; however, the reality is that everyone is different and you have to try different models until you find the one that is comfortable and suitable for your individual needs. When you sit on different bikes, check the length of the top tube and the head tube (the small element that connects the handlebar to the frame) and write down the values, in case you want to make an online purchase. A "reach" is correct when:
- You can comfortably rest your hands on the handlebars and your fingers can swing freely around the grips.
- The elbows remain slightly bent, not locked or very squeezed.
- You are able to easily reach all parts of the handlebars, especially the brake and shifter controls.
Step 7. Remember that comfort is more important than size
The length of each tube makes little sense compared to the feeling of comfort that the frame, as a whole, must convey to you; this is because the various tubes are welded together respecting different angles, which greatly influences the distance between the saddle, the pedals and the handlebar, much more than the bare measurements. Research has shown that, for example, a long top tube offers the same seating comfort as a shorter one depending on the length of the head tube it is paired with. These measurements, therefore, are reference points from which to make your choice, not precise parameters to find the right frame for you.
Always ask to try three or four models from different brands, as well as frames that are slightly smaller and larger than your "theoretical" size. Your body geometry is unique, so you need the right bike for you
Step 8. If you are a beginner, buy a road bike with the handlebars mounted at the same height as the seat
It is very easy for the hands to slide downwards, especially with "ram horns" dumbbells. Although professional cyclists prefer a lower handlebar, people who are inflexible or new to bike should limit themselves to the tall one as much as the saddle.
- Flat handlebars are quite rare on road bikes, unless they are models designed for leisure or for a few trips out of town. It is difficult to travel long distances with a straight handlebar bicycle.
- The ram horn handlebars are the classic ones for racing bicycles, their shape offers many points of support for the hands, while the brake levers are mounted in the front part of each "horn".
Step 9. Purchase a "roof rack" if you plan to travel or use your bike for the commute
This accessory allows you to carry items over the rear wheel, but not all bicycles are compatible with it. In general, racing bikes are not designed to carry extra weight beyond the cyclist, while city bikes and touring bikes are. Models that have two holes at the top of the rear dropout and two more at the rear of the frame allow you to mount a luggage rack.
There are bags specially designed to be attached to the sides of the luggage rack and are indispensable if you want to carry many objects or travel long distances
Method 2 of 3: Buy a Mountain Bike
Step 1. Buy this type of bike if you want to go on dirt roads of various kinds and speed is not your goal
Mountain bikes are designed to withstand many stresses without damage. They are also very popular with people who live in cities or small towns, as they can tackle dirt paths, climb curbs and get muddy without too many worries. That said, the mountain bike was born with the aim of making you travel safely paths, uphill and downhill, covered with roots, stones and branches.
- The bikes defined as "trail bikes" are excellent multipurpose vehicles, which can withstand light or demanding tracks, but also travel along paved roads at a certain speed.
- The "all mountain" bikes are designed for difficult and technical routes and are used by experienced cyclists.
- If you are thinking of using the bike for off-roading as well, then it is worth spending a little more and buying a model that will always guarantee you safety and comfort.
Step 2. Measure your crotch to determine frame size
Stand upright with feet 15cm apart and note the distance between the inside of the foot from where the leg meets the pelvis, between the groin and inner thigh. This value must be expressed in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm). Multiply the resulting value by 0.67 and then subtract 4-5 inches from the final product; in this way you get the ideal length of the top tube, the one that joins the saddle to the handlebar. To choose the frame, refer to the dimensions of the top tube, because those of the column are often difficult to detect and change according to the manufacturer.
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If your horse measures 33 inches, then you'll need a bike with a 17.5-inch top tube, since:
33 "x 0.67 = 21.75"
21, 75" - 4" = 17, 75
- The manufacturers of special bicycles, such as Lapierre & NeilPryde, offer frames with different geometry. In that case you need to measure your horse's value for 0.62 and not for 0.67 if you have decided to buy one of these bikes.
- If the store you went to categorizes frames by stem length, then you need to multiply your horse's length by 0.15. crankset, the disc to which the pedals are attached.
Step 3. Remember that sitting comfort is always more important than calculated values
Since the tubes are welded at different angles and these affect the distance between the pedals, saddle and handlebar, the sizes of the various segments of the frames vary according to the bike and the cyclist. The measurable characteristics of the frame are just a great starting point when choosing a bike, but the most important thing is that the seat and posture are comfortable. Try models of different brands and frames that are larger and smaller than the theoretically correct one. You can't know if a bike is right for you until you get in the saddle.
- Your hands should rest comfortably on the handlebars and your fingers should move freely around the grips.
- Elbows should be slightly bent, not locked or pinched towards the handlebars.
- Most cyclists prefer the handlebar to be 3-5 cm lower than the seat, to lower the center of gravity.
- On a properly sized bike, you should be able to reach the brake and shifter control without losing your balance.
Step 4. Decide if you want a single or double suspension model
All mountain bikes have shock absorbers for the front wheel that allow you to easily overcome obstacles and maneuver easily on difficult terrain. Off-road cyclists who take this sport seriously should consider models with double suspension:
- Hardtail: is another name for single suspension models because the shock absorbers are only mounted on the front fork. They are lighter and cheaper bikes, which also adapt to paved roads.
- Full-Suspension: they are models made for technical and demanding tracks; these are heavier bikes, but much more manageable and performing for professionals.
Step 5. Choose a frame designed for larger wheels to gain comfort and control on difficult trails
The large wheels are becoming more and more "in fashion", but be aware that you will not be able to switch to the smaller ones, if the frame is designed for those with a larger diameter. Generally speaking, there are three wheel sizes:
- 29-inch: These gigantic wheels are perfect for tackling roots and stones, as they offer a lot of grip on the ground. Downhill, they transfer the momentum to the ground very well and allow you to reach a good speed; however, they generate a lot of friction and it is not easy to accelerate.
- 27.5 inch: they are hybrid wheels that retain some of the speed offered by the 26-inch ones and at the same time guarantee good control on rough terrain, just like the 29-inch ones.
- 26-inch: this is the traditional measure; these wheels are light, but still functional on dirt paths. Up until 5-10 years ago they were the standard model fitted to all mountain bikes.
Method 3 of 3: Choose the Right Bike
Step 1. Choose a model that suits your skills, but still works as you improve
Bicycles are expensive and you certainly don't want to buy a new one just because you wanted to save on the first purchase. If you are really interested in using the bike on the road, off-road, for cycle touring or even just to go to work, then it is worth spending a little more on a quality model, so you will save in the long run. Evaluate your current athletic training, what level you want to reach and choose a bike that is a happy medium.
- Beginners or intermediate riders tackling off-road routes should start with simple tracks, which do not require a good suspension system; however, if you fall in love with the sport, you will quickly want to move on to more challenging trails that need to be tackled with better means.
- Road cyclists may be comfortable with a heavier and cheaper bike but, during group rides, in races or as experience is gained, such a bike could prove to be a disadvantage.
- The frame is the most expensive part of a bicycle and should be the first concern. The brakes, shifters, wheels and handlebars can be changed or improved at a later time. That said, good components withstand wear and blows better and make pedaling more enjoyable.
Step 2. If you will only use the bike from time to time to get around the city, then choose a city bike, a hybrid model or a walking model
All these bicycles are available in various forms and are designed for different purposes; however, they have one thing in common: they are not suitable for long hauls. If a mountain bike or road bike is too specialized for your needs, then you should try one of the following. Usually these bikes are divided into standardized sizes (S, M, L, XL), so choose the one you feel most comfortable with and on which you can comfortably reach the handlebars. The knee should be slightly bent when the pedal is at the lowest point of its circular motion.
- Fixed exchange rate: they are lightweight bicycles built primarily to move around the city and do not offer more than one ratio. They provide simple maintenance and are easy to use, although they only perform best on flat tracks.
- WalkingThey are also known as "beach bikes" or "cruisers" and have a bit of a retro feel. They are designed to ensure maximum comfort for the cyclist, with a high handlebar that allows for an almost completely upright posture.
- Hybrids: they are perfect models for commuting from home to work and for getting around the city; Hybrid bikes have larger tires than road bikes, but they broadly respect their geometry. This makes them light, fast and at the same time easily overcome holes and bumps.
Step 3. Test the bike for yourself, before buying one online if possible
Buying these means of transport on the internet is a perfect way to potentially save money without compromising on quality, but you should never purchase without having previously tested the model. Once you've narrowed your search down to 3-4 models, call your local bike shop and find out if they have such bikes in stock. Go to the retailer and try them on, to be sure they fit your needs, before completing your purchase.
Online reviews are a valuable tool for getting an idea of the various bikes. Do some research and read specialized blogs, magazines and gather information about the model you are interested in: do not neglect the opinions of the buyers, in order to understand if there are recurring problems with that specific medium and that you would like to avoid
Step 4. Find out about changes and relationships
It may seem like a complex subject at first, but remember that there are only two determining factors in practice. First of all, remember that a greater amount of gears means more possibilities to calibrate the pedaling effort, because you can choose the resistance you prefer uphill or downhill. On the other hand, a greater number of gears increases the weight of the vehicle, which is not very welcome if you are a cyclist who often faces climbs or who often goes to the mountains.
- Usually, the standard configuration for both road and dirt bikes has three gears at the front and nine at the rear, which means 27 gears.
- Compact cranksets are smaller and lighter with just two gears; however, they allow you to reduce the weight of the bike.
Step 5. Know the different types of brakes
There are two major sub-categories when it comes to brakes: disc brakes and rim brakes. Virtually all mountain bikes, except the top-priced ones, have disc brakes, while road bikes offer more variety.
- The rim brakes they come in many designs, but all work like a vise that generates friction on the wheel rim thus allowing you to slow down. These are composed of two large pads placed on the sides of the rim that squeeze it when the lever is operated. They are inexpensive brakes, easy to repair and do not require much maintenance, when compared to disc brakes.
- Disc brakes they perform their action on a separate steel disc which is attached to the wheel. When you want to slow down, the brakes clamp the disc reducing the speed of the whole wheel. They are usually more sensitive than skid ones and the reduced space between the caliper and the disc prevents twigs, leaves or other debris from getting stuck right in the middle of the path, ruining your ride. However, they are difficult to adjust, to calibrate and require extensive maintenance without proper knowledge.
