How to tell if a person is bipolar (with pictures)

2024 Author: Samantha Chapman | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 09:13

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as "manic-depressive psychosis," affects the brain, changing mood, activity levels, energy and daily function. In the United States alone, about six million adults suffer from it. However, despite these numbers, as with many mental illnesses, the pathology is often misunderstood. In popular culture it is said that someone is "bipolar" if they demonstrate a rather moody behavior, but the diagnostic criteria of the disease are much more rigorous. In fact, there are several types of bipolar disorder. Each type is serious, but they are all treatable, usually with a combination of prescription drugs and psychotherapy. If you think you know someone who has it, read on to find out how to help them.

Steps

Part 1 of 3: Understanding Bipolar Disorder

Step 1. Look for unusually intense mood swings

They represent a significant, even drastic, change in a person's usual mood. In popular parlance, such a subject is called "moody". Individuals with bipolar disorder may quickly move from one mood change to another, or such episodes may occur less frequently.

There are two basic types of mood alterations: those affected go from episodes of euphoria and mania to moments of severe depression. They may also experience mixed episodes, in which the symptoms of mania and depression occur at the same time.
A person with bipolar disorder may experience periods of "normal" mood between these extreme episodes.

Step 2. Learn about the many types of bipolar disorder

Four basic types of bipolar disorder are regularly diagnosed: bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymia. The individual diagnosis is determined by the severity and duration of the disease, but also by the frequency that characterizes the cycle of mood alterations. The disorder can only be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional - you can't do it yourself, and you shouldn't even try.

Bipolar I disorder involves manic or mixed episodes that last for a period of at least seven days. The person may also exhibit severe manic phases that pose a danger that requires immediate medical attention. Depressive episodes also occur, usually lasting at least two weeks.
Bipolar II disorder involves milder mood changes. Hypomania is a less severe manic state. The subject feels very active, extremely productive, and is apparently healthy. If left untreated, this state could develop into acute mania. The depressive episodes of bipolar II disorder are generally less pronounced than those of bipolar I disorder.
Depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder are assumed to be generally more severe and lasting than those that occur in bipolar I disorder. It is important to note that a broad spectrum of symptoms could be associated with both types and modes. where each individual suffers from it varies from person to person. So, even if the collective knowledge says that this is often the case, it can sometimes happen that it is not correct.
Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (DP-NAS) is diagnosed when symptoms of the disease are present, but they do not match the strict diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5 ("Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"). However, these symptoms are not usual when compared to the subject's "normal" or baseline behaviors.
Cyclothymic disorder, or cyclothymia, is a mild form of bipolar disorder. Periods of hypomania alternate with shorter, milder episodes of depression. To coincide with the diagnostic criteria, this must persist for at least two years.
A person with bipolar disorder may also experience sudden cycles, experiencing at least four episodes within 12 months. This phenomenon seems to affect women slightly more than men, and it can come and go.

Step 3. Learn to recognize a manic episode

The modalities of manifestation vary from one person to another. However, this phase is represented by a more euphoric or high mood than the "normal" or basal emotional state. Here are some symptoms of mania:

Feelings of joy, happiness or extreme excitement. A person experiencing a manic episode may feel so excited or happy that not even bad news can affect their mood. This feeling of great happiness persists even for no apparent cause.
Excessive security, feeling of invulnerability, delusion of grandeur. A person suffering from a manic episode may have an excessive ego or a higher than usual self-esteem. It may feel capable of achieving more than is feasible, as if absolutely nothing could stand in its way. Imagine having special connections with important figures or supernatural phenomena.
Sudden increase in anger and irritability. A person with a manic episode may verbally assault others, even without being provoked. She is predisposed to be more susceptible or easily short-tempered than usual.
Hyperactivity. The individual may engage in multiple projects at a time or schedule more engagements in a single day than would be reasonably possible to accomplish. He may decide to do other activities, even if apparently pointless, instead of sleeping or eating.
Greater talkativeness, convulsive dialogues, thoughts that run at the speed of light. People who have a manic episode very often have difficulty gathering their thoughts, even if they are extremely talkative. He can jump from one argument to another or from one activity to another rather quickly.
Feeling of tension or agitation. The person in question may feel agitated or restless. He can get distracted easily.
Sudden increase in risky behavior. The individual in question may be making unusual and dangerous choices, such as unprotected sex, shopping sprees, or gambling. Risky physical activities, such as running in a car, trying extreme sports or athletic prowess, are also possible, especially if the person is not adequately prepared to do them.
Change in sleep habits. The subject may sleep very little, yet claim to feel rested. He may be suffering from insomnia or simply thinking that he does not need to sleep.

Step 4. Learn to recognize a depressive episode

While a manic episode makes a person with bipolar disorder feel like they are the king of the world, a depressive episode involves the feeling of being at the bottom of the abyss. Symptoms vary individually, but here are some of the most common to watch for.

Intense feelings of sadness or despair. As with the happiness and enthusiasm of manic episodes, these feelings may have no apparent cause. The individual may feel hopeless or useless, even if those around him try to cheer him up.
Anhedonia. It is a complicated word that indicates a decline in interest or appreciation of those activities that the individual is used to enjoy. Sexual desire may also decrease.
Fatigue. It is common for people with severe depression to feel tired all the time. They may also experience feelings of aching or pain.
Disruption of sleep cycles. With depression, a person's normal habits are disrupted in one way or another. Some sleep too much, someone else very little. In any case, there is a distinct change from one's usual behavior.
Change in appetite. People with depression may experience weight loss or gain. They may overeat or not eat enough. This varies on an individual level and deviates from the habits of the subject.
Problems with concentration. Depression can prevent you from focusing or even making small decisions. A person may feel paralyzed when experiencing a depressive episode.
Suicidal ideas or actions. Do not assume that all thoughts or intentions of a suicidal nature are solely aimed at attracting attention - suicide poses a real risk to individuals with bipolar disorder. If this person expresses suicidal thoughts or attempts, take them to the hospital immediately.

Step 5. Learn as much as possible about the disorder

Reading this article is a good first step. The more you know about bipolar disorder, the more you will be able to support this person. Here are some resources to consider.

Mental health centers are ideal for starting to look for information about bipolar disorder, its symptoms, possible causes, treatment options, and living with the disease.
The APC, Association of Cognitive Psychology, offers resources to individuals with bipolar disorder and their loved ones.
Marya Hornbacher's memoirs, entitled "A bipolar life", speak of the author's long struggle against the disorder. The book "A Restless Mind", by Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison, tells of her life as a scientist suffering from bipolar disorder. Each experience is unique to those with it, and these books can help you understand what your loved one is going through.
"Bipolar revelations or how to reduce the impact of symptoms and have a peaceful life", by Agata S., can be a good resource to know how to take care of your loved one (and yourself).
"Bipolar Disorder. A Guide to Survival," by Dr. David J. Miklowitz, aims to help people with bipolar disorder and loved ones manage the disease.
The "Psychoeducation Handbook for Bipolar Disorder", by Francesc Colom and Eduard Vieta, is aimed at people who have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder to keep their mood stable with various self-help exercises.

Step 6. Don't believe the myths about mental illness

They are commonly condemned, as if the person affected had something wrong. People may trivialize them, believe that it is enough to give it a try or think positively to recover. The truth is, these ideas have no basis. Bipolar disorder arises from a number of complex interacting factors, including genetics, brain structure, body chemical imbalances, and sociocultural pressures. An individual with bipolar disorder simply cannot stop suffering from it. However, it is manageable.

Consider how you would address a person with another type of disease, such as cancer. You would ask her: "Have you tried to avoid it?". Telling an individual with bipolar disorder to "work hard" to heal is just as incorrect.
According to a widespread misconception, bipolar disorder is rare. To tell the truth, many people suffer from it; just to give an example, in the United States it affects about 6 million individuals. Famous people like Stephen Fry, Carrie Fisher and Jean-Claude Van Damme have also openly claimed to be affected.
Another common myth? The manic or depressive episodes are "normal", or even positive. While it's true that everyone has every other day, bipolar disorder causes mood swings that are much more extreme and harmful than those of classic bad days or when you wake up with a bad moon. They cause significant dysfunction in an individual's daily life.
A common mistake is to confuse schizophrenia with bipolar disorder. It is not the same disease, although some symptoms (such as depression) are common. Bipolar disorder is mainly characterized by intense mood swings. Schizophrenia, on the other hand, causes symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and meaningless speech, which often do not characterize bipolar disorder.
Many believe that people with bipolar disorder or depression are dangerous to others - the media are particularly insistent on promoting this idea. In fact, research shows that individuals with bipolar disorder do not commit more violent acts than those who do not. However, people with this condition are more likely to consider or attempt suicide.

Part 2 of 3: Talk to the Direct Concern

Step 1. Avoid hurting with words

Some people sometimes joke that they are "a little bipolar" or "schizophrenic" when they describe themselves, even though they don't have a diagnosed mental illness. In addition to being inaccurate, this type of language trivializes the true experience of someone with bipolar disorder. Be respectful when talking about mental health.

It is important to remember that a disease does not define a person. Don't use absolutist phrases like "I think you are bipolar". Instead, he says, "I think you have bipolar disorder."
To refer to someone as if illness were their only characteristic is wrong. This adds to the stigma that all too often revolves around mental illness, even if the person using this language is not meant to be offensive.
Trying to console the other person by saying "I'm a little bipolar too" or "I know how you feel" can do more harm than good. These phrases might make her feel like you don't take her illness seriously.

Step 2. Talk to her about your concerns

Maybe you're afraid to discuss it for fear of hurting her. Instead, it is very helpful and important to have a dialogue about your fears. Avoiding talking about mental illness promotes that unjust stigmatization that characterizes it. Furthermore, it may encourage sufferers to believe they are "bad" or "useless", or as if they are ashamed of their situation. In approaching the person directly concerned, be open and honest, show compassion.

Reassure him that he is not alone. Bipolar disorder can make an individual feel very isolated. Explain that you are there for him and that you want to support him in any way you can.
Recognize the fact that his illness is real. Trying to minimize the symptoms of the person concerned will not make him feel better. Instead of telling him the disorder isn't the end of the world, admit the severity of the condition, but remember that it's treatable. Example: "I know that yours is a real disease, which causes you to feel emotions and do actions that do not reflect you. We can find help together."
Show your love and acceptance of this person. Your loved one may believe they are useless or finished, especially during a depressive episode. Counter these negative opinions by expressing the positive feelings you have towards him. Example: "I love you and you are important to me. I care about you, and that's why I want to help you."

Step 3. Use first-person sentences to communicate your feelings

When talking to someone, it is vital that you avoid giving the impression that you are attacking or judging them. People with mental illness may feel that the world is against them. It is important to show that you are on his side.

For example, make statements like, "I care about you and I care about what happens to you."
There are phrases that are defensive. You should avoid them. For example, don't make statements like "I'm just trying to help" or "You have to listen to me."

Step 4. Avoid threats and accusations

Of course, you care about your loved one's health and are willing to make sure they get the help they need, no matter what the cost. However, never use exaggeration, threats, guilt, or accusations to get the other person to get help. All of this would only encourage her to believe that you see something wrong with her.

Avoid phrases like "You worry me" or "Your behavior is weird". They seem accusatory and could lead your loved one to withdraw.
Phrases that attempt to appeal to the other person's guilt are also not helpful. For example, don't try to leverage your relationship to get your loved one to seek help. Avoid making statements like "If you really loved me, you would heal yourself" or "Think about the damage you are doing to our family." Individuals with bipolar disorder often struggle with feelings of shame and unworthiness, and such phrases would only make the situation worse.
Don't resort to threats. You can't force the other person to do what you want. Statements like "If you don't ask for help, I'll leave" or "I won't pay your car fees again if you don't ask for help" would only stress her out, and the tension could trigger a serious mood swings.

Step 5. During the discussion, focus on concerns about his health

Some are reluctant to acknowledge that they have a problem. When a bipolar person experiences a manic episode, they often feel so high that it is difficult for them to admit the situation. When a person experiences a depressive episode, they may come to the conclusion that they have a problem, but are unlikely to be able to see a light at the end of the tunnel. It can be helpful to point out that your fears are related to his physical health.

For example, you can reinforce the following idea: Bipolar disorder is a disease such as diabetes or cancer. Just as you would encourage a loved one to undergo treatment for cancer, you want them to do it for cancer.
If the other person still hesitates to acknowledge that they have a problem, you can suggest that they see a doctor in order to examine the symptom you have noticed. Don't use words that suggest a disease. For example, you might advise her that it would be helpful to see a specialist to treat insomnia or fatigue.

Step 6. Encourage the other person to share their feelings or experiences with you

When you talk about your concerns, you easily risk preaching. To avoid this, invite your loved one to tell you about their thoughts and feelings. Remember: While you worry about this person's ailment, the situation isn't really about you.

For example, once you have shared your concerns with this person, try asking them "Would you like to share what you think right now?", Or "Now that I have told you what I believe, what do you think?".
Don't assume you know how the other person feels. It's easy to say phrases like "I know how you feel" to reassure her, but it can actually seem like an attempt to liquidate her feelings. Instead, make statements that acknowledge your feelings, but don't claim you've been through it too: "I understand why this makes you sad."
If your loved one doesn't intend to acknowledge that they have a problem, don't discuss it. You can encourage him to undergo treatment, but you can't force him.

Step 7. Do not dismiss the other person's thoughts and feelings as unreal or undeserving of consideration

Even if the feeling of not deserving anything should be caused by a depressive episode, to the individual experiencing it it can be quite real. Directly liquidating someone's feelings will cause them not to tell you anything in the future. Instead, acknowledge how they are feeling and, at the same time, fight the negative ideas.

For example, if this person thinks no one cares about them and thinks they are "bad," you might make a statement like, "I understand how you feel, and I'm so sorry you have to go through this. I love and think you are kind and affectionate"

Step 8. Encourage this person to take an assessment test

Mania and depression are both symptoms of bipolar disorder. On the internet you can find free and privacy-protected assessment tests to check their presence.

Having a private test in the privacy of your own home may be the least stressful way for a person to understand that they need therapy

Step 9. Emphasize the need to seek professional help

Bipolar disorder is very serious. If left untreated, even the mildest forms can exacerbate. Encourage this person to get treatment right away.

Going to a psychologist is often the first step. This specialist can determine whether the patient should be referred to a psychiatrist or other mental health expert.
A mental health professional usually adds psychotherapy to the treatment program. There are different types of specialists who offer therapy, including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, and so on. Ask your doctor or hospital for recommendations on those in the area.
If it is determined that prescription medications are required, your loved one should see a psychiatrist or other qualified specialist to prescribe medications. Psychologists typically do therapy, but cannot prescribe.

Part 3 of 3: Support your loved one

Step 1. Understand that bipolar disorder is a lifelong disease

A combination of medication and therapy can be of great benefit to your loved one. With treatment, many affected people see a significant improvement in their condition and mood. However, there is no definitive cure, and symptoms can recur throughout someone's life. Keep patience with your loved one.

Step 2. Ask how you can help

Especially during depressive episodes, the world can seem overwhelming to a person with bipolar disorder. Ask her how you could help her out. You can also offer specific suggestions if you have an idea of the factors that most affect their mind.

For example, you could try saying, "You've been looking pretty stressed lately. Do you want me to babysit your kids so you can have an afternoon off?"
If this person has been experiencing severe depression, offer them a pleasant distraction. Don't treat her as if she is fragile and unapproachable just because of the disease. If you observe that your loved one has been struggling with symptoms of depression (discussed in this article), don't make it a tragedy. Just say, "I noticed you've been pretty down this week. Would you like to go to the movies with me?"

Step 3. Track your symptoms

Constantly observing the state your loved one is in can help you in a number of ways. First, it can allow both you and him to understand the red flags of an episode. It also serves to provide useful information to a doctor or specialist. Finally, it allows you to understand the potential trigger mechanisms that characterize manic or depressive episodes.

Here are some signs of mania: lack of sleep, feeling high or excitable, increased irritability, restlessness, and an increase in the person's activity level.
Here are some warning signs of depression: fatigue, disturbed sleep (sleep less or more), difficulty concentrating, lack of interest in activities that you usually enjoy, withdrawal from social life, and changes in appetite.
On the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance website you can find a personal calendar to track your symptoms. It can come in handy for you and your loved one.
Some common triggers of bipolar episodes include stress, substance abuse, and lack of sleep.

Step 4. Ask this person if they have taken any medication

Someone can benefit from a kind reminder, especially if they have witnessed a manic episode that resulted in them experiencing a spasmodic or distracted manner. Also, the person may believe they are feeling better and stop taking the medications. Help keep him on track, but don't give the idea of accusing him.

For example, a polite question like "Did you take your medications today?" is useful.
If he claims to feel better, it may be helpful to remind him of the benefits of the medications: "I'm glad you are better. I think this depends a lot on the medications you are taking. Since they are helping you so much, it would be good to continue taking them regularly, true. ? ".
It can take several weeks for the medicines to start working, so be patient if your symptoms don't seem to subside.

Step 5. Encourage him to take care of his health

In addition to taking prescribed medications regularly and seeing a psychotherapist, enjoying good health can help reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Those affected are at greater risk of obesity. Encourage your loved one to eat well, exercise regularly and moderately, and have good sleep habits.

People with bipolar disorder often have poor eating habits, for example, they don't eat regularly or consume unhealthy foods. Encourage your loved one to eat a balanced diet of fresh fruits, vegetables, complex carbohydrates (such as legumes and whole grains), lean meats, and fish.
- Consuming omega-3 fatty acids can help protect against bipolar disorder symptoms. According to some studies, these fats, especially those found in cold-water fish, help decrease depression. Fish like salmon and tuna and vegetarian foods like walnuts and flax seeds are good sources of omega-3s.
- Ask your loved one to avoid overdoing the caffeine. This substance can trigger unwanted symptoms in people with bipolar disorder.
Encourage your loved one to avoid alcohol. People with bipolar disorder are five times more likely to abuse alcohol and other substances than those without it. Alcohol is a harmful substance and can trigger a severe depressive episode. It can also affect the effects of some prescription medicines.
Regular moderate exercise, especially aerobic exercise, can help improve the mood and general functions of those with bipolar disorder. It is important to encourage your loved one to exercise constantly. Individuals with this condition often have poor exercise habits.

Step 6. Take care of yourself too

Friends and family members of people with bipolar disorder need to make sure they treat themselves as well. You cannot support your loved one if you are exhausted or stressed.

According to some studies, a person suffering from this pathology may have more difficulty following the treatment if he has an exhausted friend or relative next to him. Taking care of yourself directly affects the health of your loved one.
A self-help group can help you cope with your loved one's illness. You can find one in your area or you can search for information online.
Make sure you get enough sleep, eat healthy, and exercise regularly. Following these healthy habits can encourage your loved one to imitate you.
Take concrete steps to reduce stress. Know your limits, and ask others for help when you need it. You may find that activities such as meditation or yoga can help reduce feelings of anxiety.

Step 7. Pay attention to suicidal thoughts or actions

Suicide is a considerable risk for those suffering from bipolar disorder. In fact, these people are more likely to think or try to take their own life than those suffering from severe depression. If your loved one talks about it, even casually, get help immediately - don't promise to keep it a secret.

If he is at immediate risk, take him to the hospital.
Suggest a dedicated call center, like the one in Samaritans.
Reassure him that you love him and that you believe his life has meaning, even if he sees everything black right now.
Don't tell him he shouldn't feel a certain way. Feelings are real, and he can't change them. Instead, focus on the actions he can control. Example: "I know it's difficult and I'm glad you decided to share it with me. Keep doing it. I'll always be there."

Advice

Like other mental health conditions, bipolar disorder is no one's fault. It's not your loved one, it's not yours. Be kind and sympathetic to him and to yourself.
Don't let your lives revolve around disease. It can be easy to make the mistake of treating a sick person with velvet gloves or to focus their existence on the pathology. Remember that your loved one is not defined by it - they also have hobbies, passions and feelings. Encourage him to live peacefully and to love life.