While many people believe that mental illness is rare, the reality is quite different. In Europe, mental health problems account for about 20% of all diseases, while in the United States about 54 million people suffer from a mental disorder each year. Worldwide, these conditions affect one in four individuals. Many of these diseases can be treated with medication, psychotherapy, or both, but there is a risk that they will become uncontrollable if left untreated. If you think you have a psychological disorder, seek help from a mental health professional as soon as possible.
Steps
Part 1 of 3: Understanding Mental Disorders
Step 1. Keep in mind that you are not to blame for what is happening to you
Society often tends to stigmatize mental illnesses and those who suffer from them, so it is easy to believe that the origin of these problems comes from the belief that they are useless or not very dynamic people. It's not true. A mental disorder is a health problem, not a result of personal defects or anything like that. A good doctor or mental health professional should never make you feel guilty about your condition or lead you to think that the cause lies in yourself or in the people in your life.
Step 2. Be aware that some biological risk factors may come into play
Mental disorders do not depend on a single cause, because there are various biological factors capable of altering the chemical processes that occur in the brain and cause hormonal imbalances.
- Genetic makeup. Some mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, are strongly linked to the genetic make-up. For these reasons, if someone in your family has been diagnosed with a mental health problem, you may be more likely to develop one.
- Physiological damage. Changes in fetal development due, for example, to head trauma or exposure to viruses, bacteria or toxins, can lead to the development of mental disorders. Drug and / or alcohol abuse can also cause or worsen these problems.
- Chronic diseases. Cancer and other serious, long-lasting conditions can increase the risk of mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
Step 3. Do not underestimate the risk factors of environmental origin
Some mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, depend on the environment we live in and on our personal well-being. Upset and instability can cause or worsen mental illness.
- Difficult life experiences. The adversity and suffering that accompany us throughout life can trigger mental health problems. This could be an isolated case, such as the disappearance of a loved one, or an ongoing situation, such as sexual, physical or psychological abuse. Experiences of war or constant states of emergency can also trigger mental problems.
- Stress. Stress can aggravate psychological distress and even lead to mood disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Family conflicts, financial difficulties, and work worries can be sources of stress.
- Loneliness. The lack of a strong support network, the absence of friendships and healthy interpersonal relationships can trigger or worsen the psychological imbalance.
Step 4. Recognize the warning signs and symptoms emotionally
Some mental illnesses are present from birth, while others develop over time or arise suddenly. The following symptoms can be warning signs that indicate a psychological problem:
- Sadness or irritability
- Sense of confusion and disorientation;
- Apathy or loss of interest
- Excessive worries and anger, hostility, or aggression
- Feeling of fear or paranoia
- Difficulty managing emotions
- Problems with concentration
- Difficulty in taking responsibility;
- Isolation or refusal to socialize;
- Sleep problems
- Delusions and / or hallucinations;
- Strange ideas, disproportionate or detached from reality;
- Alcohol or drug abuse;
- Major changes in eating habits or sex life
- Suicidal thoughts or plans.
Step 5. Identify physical warning signs and symptoms
Sometimes, physical symptoms can help recognize the onset of mental illness. If you have persistent symptoms, see a doctor. The warning ones include:
- Tiredness;
- Back and / or chest pains;
- Acceleration of the heartbeat;
- Dry mouth
- Digestive problems
- Headache;
- Sweating;
- Drastic weight changes
- Stunning;
- Sleep disorders.
Step 6. Determine the severity of your symptoms
Many of these symptoms occur in reaction to everyday events and therefore do not necessarily indicate the presence of mental health problems. You should be careful if they do not disappear and, more importantly, if they affect daily life. Don't be afraid to ask a doctor for help.
Part 2 of 3: Seeking Professional Help
Step 1. Consider the help you have available
There are many experienced mental health professionals, and although their tasks sometimes overlap, each sector has its own specialists.
- Psychiatrists are doctors who specialize in psychiatry. They are more qualified in the field of psychology applied to the physical system of the human being and, therefore, qualified to prescribe drugs. In addition, they can diagnose a problem and serious mental conditions, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
- Clinical psychologists have degrees in psychology and typically train or specialize in mental health facilities. They can diagnose mental disorders, administer psychological tests, and offer psychotherapy. Unless they have a medical degree, they cannot prescribe drugs.
- Psychiatric nurses have at least a bachelor's degree and a specialization in mental health. They guarantee the correct application of diagnostic-therapeutic prescriptions. In some cases they apply psychological and social intervention techniques. Depending on the patient's condition, they are required to cooperate with a psychiatrist.
- Social workers are graduates in the field of social services. They have completed internships at mental health institutions and have received training in which they can provide care for patients with mental health problems. They follow people with psychosocial problems and carry out activities aimed at providing elements of judgment, but they cannot prescribe drugs. They know the infrastructure and social support services.
- Psychologists have a degree in psychology, attend a one-year internship following graduation and must pass the state exam which allows them to be enrolled in the register of the Order of Psychologists. Their work focuses on certain mental health problems, such as addiction and substance abuse, although they can offer counseling for other psychological disorders. They cannot prescribe drugs or make diagnoses.
- Primary care doctors typically do not specialize in treating mental disorders, but they can prescribe medications and also help the patient manage the holistic dimension of their health condition.
Step 2. Consult your doctor
More often than not, certain mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression, can be effectively treated by taking prescription medications that the primary care physician has the power to prescribe. Talk to him about your symptoms and explain your concerns.
- They may also recommend a mental health professional who works in your area.
- An official psychiatric diagnosis is required for people applying for a disability pension for mental health problems to be valid for the competent authorities.
Step 3. Contact your health insurance company
In Italy, the treatment of psychological disorders is covered by the national health system. However, if you have a health insurance policy, call your insurance company and ask for the contact information of the psychological professionals in your area who participate in the insurance plan.
- Find out about all the conditions covered in the insurance plan. You may need to get a request from your doctor to be able to see a psychiatrist, or you may not be able to pass a certain number of psychotherapy sessions.
- If you don't have health insurance, you can contact the ASL psychologist. Generally, the sessions are held against payment of the health ticket. You can also look for some centers that offer psychological counseling at lower rates.
Step 4. Make an appointment
Depending on where you live, you may have to wait a few days or a couple of weeks to make an appointment with a mental health professional, so contact them as soon as possible. Ask to be placed on a waiting list, if any, so that you have the possibility of a consultation in a shorter time.
If you think or plan to commit suicide, seek help immediately. Telefono Amico is available for free contacts from 10 to 24, 7 days a week. You can also call the emergency services at 118
Step 5. Don't hesitate to ask questions
Feel free to question the specialist you contacted. If something is missing or you want clarification, ask for an explanation. You should also inquire about any treatment options, such as the type and duration of treatments available and the medications you need.
Also, it would be wise to ask for some advice to get better. Even if you can't cure or treat a mental condition yourself, you do have the option to take some steps to improve your health condition. Discuss with the specialist of your choice
Step 6. Consider collaborating with the professional you contacted
You should build a good relationship with your therapist so that you feel safe and comfortable. You will probably be very vulnerable during the first session. It may ask you annoying questions or lead you to reflect on embarrassing issues, but in any case it must give you the impression that you are safe, appreciated and judged positively.
If you don't feel comfortable after a few sessions, don't hesitate to change. Remember that therapy may take a long time, so you need to be convinced that the therapist is completely on your side
Part 3 of 3: Coping with Psychological Problems
Step 1. Don't judge yourself
People with mental health problems, particularly those suffering from anxiety and depression, believe that it is enough to "give yourself a shake". However, just as you can't expect yourself to "cut it out" if you have diabetes or heart disease, so you don't have to judge yourself if you're battling a mental disorder.
Step 2. Create a support network
It is important for anyone to have a group of people who accept and offer support on their side, but especially when they suffer from a mental health disorder. Friends and family are a great place to start. There are also many support groups you can turn to. Look for one near you or browse the internet.
UNASAM (National Union of Mental Health Associations) is an excellent starting point. Visit the site
Step 3. Consider meditation or mindfulness exercises
While meditation cannot replace the help of a trained professional and / or medication, it can help you manage the symptoms of some mental illnesses, particularly those related to addiction, substance abuse, or anxiety. Mindful attention and meditation emphasize the importance of accepting yourself and being present, allowing you to relieve stress.
- At first try following a meditation or mindfulness expert and then continue the exercises on your own.
- Find a group of people who meditate together in organized meetings and who cultivate awareness in daily life.
Step 4. Keep a journal
Writing down personal thoughts and experiences is helpful on several levels. By writing down negative thoughts or anything that fuels your anxiety, you may stop thinking about your worries. If you keep track of the factors that trigger certain symptoms and sensations, you will help your therapist treat you. Furthermore, it is an exercise that allows you to fathom your emotions in total safety.
Step 5. Eat right and exercise
While nutrition and exercise don't prevent mental disorders from developing, they can help you manage symptoms. It is important to maintain a steady pace and get enough sleep, especially in the case of severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
You should pay close attention to nutrition and physical activity if you suffer from an eating disorder such as anorexia, bulimia or an eating compulsion. Consult a mental health professional to be sure you are maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Step 6. Limit your alcohol consumption
It is a sedative substance that can significantly affect the feeling of personal well-being. If you have problems with depression or drug abuse, you must completely refrain from drinking alcohol. If you drink, do it in moderation: normally a woman can get 2 glasses of wine, 2 beers or 2 glasses of spirits a day, while a man can get 3.
If you are taking medications, you should definitely not take alcohol. Talk to your doctor about how to manage your medications
Advice
- If you can, ask a friend or family member you trust to take you to your therapist on your first appointment. It will help calm your nerves and offer all its support.
- Base your care and life choices on scientific and medical evidence with the help of a professional. Many "home" remedies for mental illness are not effective or produce mild effects. In fact, some can aggravate the situation.
- Mental pathologies are often subject to social stigmatization. If you feel it is difficult to disclose your ailment, don't do it. Surround yourself with people who support you, accept you, and care for you.
- If you have a friend or loved one who suffers from some psychological disorder, don't judge him and don't tell him "just make some effort". Offer your love, understanding, and support.
Warnings
- If you think or plan to commit suicide, seek help immediately.
- Many mental illnesses get worse if left untreated. Get help as soon as possible.
- Never try to cure a mental health problem without the assistance of a professional. Doing so could get worse and risk causing serious harm to yourself or others.
