Changing the power steering fluid means circulating it in the system to keep a car's steering system in top condition. At low speeds, this system allows the driver to easily turn the big, heavy wheels of the car - as long as there is enough fluid inside. The procedure is not difficult and with some specific knowledge even those with little experience in mechanics can carry out this maintenance work on their own.
Steps
Part 1 of 3: Knowing when to Change the Power Steering Fluid
Step 1. Consult the user manual of the machine to find out what the recommended frequency is
The power steering system is actually structured to stay clean at all times. That said, the normal wear process over time causes small bits of rubber, plastic and dirt to contaminate the liquid and cause problems for the entire system if the fluid is not circulated. The frequency with which to change the fluid varies by model, so inquire about the recommended one for your car.
For top-of-the-range cars, the fluid must generally be changed every 55,000-65,000 km
Step 2. Inspect the power steering fluid reservoir every month for leaks
The level of this fluid should change very little over time. If you notice any major changes, there is likely to be a leak and you need to take the machine to the workshop as soon as possible.
The fuel tank usually has a cap that has a label or image of a steering wheel on it. If you are having trouble locating this semi-transparent plastic container, check the user manual
Step 3. Check the color and consistency of the liquid
Open the reservoir and use a flashlight to observe the fluid. Its consistency, color and smell will make you understand if it is appropriate to replace:
- Change the liquid if it smells burnt, has a dark brown or black color and / or has shiny metallic fragments in it.
- Refresh the liquid if it is dark in color, if the user manual recommends it and / or if you often tow or transport heavy loads.
- The liquid does not need maintenance if it is light, dark in color but free of metal fragments or pieces or has already been replaced in the last two or three years.
Step 4. If you hear moaning noises when steering, take the car to the mechanic
They could be indicators of worse power steering system malfunctions that could require expensive repairs. The earlier you tackle the problem, the simpler and cheaper the solution will be.
Part 2 of 3: Change the Liquid
Step 1. Jack the car up using a jack and make sure the front wheels are high enough for you to slide easily under the car
Since you will need to turn the steering wheel, it is best to use jacks to allow the wheels to move.
Step 2. Locate and remove the drip tray located under the power steering system
Some cars don't have this element; if you have any doubts, check the user manual. If you notice the presence of liquid in this tray, it means that there are leaks in the system and that you need to take the machine to the workshop.
- Place a disposable container just below where the tray was mounted to catch the fluid as you drain it from the system.
- If you have some mechanical knowledge, disconnect the line connecting the steering rack to the fuel tank. Although not strictly necessary, this precaution allows you to drain more fluid and drain it better.
Step 3. Drain the fluid by disconnecting the low pressure hose from the power steering pump at its lowest point
There should be several thin tubes (13-25mm in diameter) sticking out of the power steering system. Keep the collection container handy and disconnect the hose to drain the old liquid.
Get ready, because the fluid starts flowing as soon as you unhook the hose. For this operation it is recommended to wear gloves, goggles and a long-sleeved shirt
Step 4. Unscrew the power steering fluid reservoir cap and add about half the amount of fluid recommended by the automaker
To completely drain the system, you need to remove any air bubbles and force the rest of the liquid to flow through the pipes. Fill the tank halfway before continuing.
Step 5. Start the engine and add more liquid to keep the tank always half full
This is easier if a friend turns on the vehicle while you pour the fluid. You also need to monitor the drainage of the liquid, as well as the level in the tank. When you see the new liquid flowing into the collection container, turn off the engine.
- Ask the helper to turn the steering wheel left and right as you pour the fluid; in this way, you force it to slide along the system.
- The fluid is very likely to bubble as you pour it; this is a good sign because it means that air pockets are being expelled from the system.
Step 6. After the engine is turned off, reconnect the power steering system hoses
The liquid isn't sticky, so you shouldn't have a hard time closing the system when you're done. Once the fluid has been changed, turn off the engine and put each piece back where you found it.
Step 7. Fill the tank to the recommended level and close it
When you have eliminated all the air and closed the system, top up the power steering fluid according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Step 8. Start the engine and fully turn the steering wheel left and right for five minutes
Listen for any humming sounds that may indicate the presence of air pockets trapped in the system. Continue to turn the steering wheel until the fluid has flowed through the system eliminating the residual air.
Step 9. Turn off the engine and top up the liquid
The fluid level will almost certainly have dropped after testing the system. This is because fluid has passed from the reservoir to the power steering system pipes. Proceed to refill to finish the job.
Step 10. Verify that the power steering works properly even when the weight of the vehicle is on the tires
Turn the steering to the right, left and make sure the wheels respond normally to commands. If you notice any abnormalities, drain the liquid and refill the system.
Part 3 of 3: Refresh the Liquid
Step 1. Know that it is not essential to change the power steering fluid
Many user manuals don't even mention it; despite the pressure exerted by some mechanics, there is growing disagreement about the usefulness of this operation for most vehicles. If the fluid does not smell of burning and is not contaminated with mechanical debris, it is sufficient to "refresh" it.
If it is dark or you are concerned about the condition of the power steering system, this simple procedure will allow you to sleep peacefully for the foreseeable future
Step 2. Locate the power steering fluid reservoir inside the engine compartment
Usually, it is identified with a steering wheel icon printed on the cap.
Step 3. Mark the current fluid level and note the condition
Check the color and texture. If it smells burnt or there are any metal fragments, you will need to drain all the liquid from the system. Make a note of the current liquid level.
Step 4. Use a kitchen pipette to draw the old liquid from the reservoir
It will take some time and you won't be able to get it all out, but this is an easy way to get rid of the old fluid without engaging in complex drainage work.
Step 5. Fill the reservoir to the previous level with new fluid
This procedure will protect your car without spending a fortune and is as effective as a complete replacement, when there are no other problems with the system. The power steering system is relatively simple and does not tend to get dirty. Unlike other car fluids, such as oil, power steering fluids don't even need a filter. This quick "refresh" procedure is probably all you need to make the wheels turn with ease.
For many cars it is not even recommended to change this fluid - so you will be at an advantage if you perform this type of maintenance
Step 6. Repeat the procedure after a few weeks to properly cool the liquid
Do a road test to circulate the fluid in the system and repeat these steps after a few weeks, if you want to "refresh" it completely. This way, you won't remove all of the old fluid, but you will change enough to keep the steering system efficient.
Advice
- You don't have to overfill the tank as you clear out the air. The ideal is to bring the liquid level halfway between the maximum and minimum lines.
- When doing this you should wear suitable clothing and safety glasses for safety reasons.
- Since vehicles differ greatly depending on the year of manufacture, model and car manufacturer, it is advisable to always consult the owner's manual for the specific details of maintenance procedures.
- It typically takes six cycles to completely change the power steering fluid.
- Regularly changing the power steering fluid is an integral part of the maintenance required to ensure vehicle efficiency.
- If after changing three-quarters of the fluid through the system you hear a hum when turning the steering, you will need to disassemble the reservoir to get rid of all the air.
- Always dispose of drainage fluids responsibly to protect the environment.
