This article contains information about the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and how to use it to transfer files from your computer to a web server and vice versa.
Steps
Part 1 of 4: Understanding the Basics of FTP
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Step 1. Learn the differences between FTP and
The first acronym stands for File Transfer Protocol and is a connection method designed to transfer files from a remote server to a local computer and vice versa. FTP is often used in corporate and academic environments and is the primary way to manage web page servers.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) also allows file transfer, but it is not as robust as FTP
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Step 2. Know the parts of an FTP address
When you see such an address on a web page, you will usually recognize a format similar to what you are used to seeing, with a few exceptions:
For example, you might see ftp.example.it:21. This means that the address is ftp.example.it and that the port used is 21. You will need both of these information when connecting to the FTP server.
If the FTP address requires a username, it could be written as [email protected]: 21 where "username" is the required account.
If a username is not specified, you will usually have to enter "anonymous" when trying to connect. Note that your identity is not really anonymous when you connect to a public FTP server, because the host can see your IP address.
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Step 3. Decide how to connect
There are three main methods of connecting to an FTP server: through a client with a graphical interface, through a browser-based client, or from the command line. Downloading and installing a GUI client is the most used and easiest way to connect to an FTP server, plus it gives you more functionality and control over the operation. This guide will largely focus on the latter option.
A client with a graphical interface is nothing more than a program that allows you to enter the address and port necessary for the FTP connection; the program will then take care of all the work.
To connect to an FTP server from a web browser, just enter the address in the top bar, as you would for any other site. Enter your login credentials when asked and then you can browse the folders. Usually, using a browser is a much slower and less reliable solution than using a dedicated client.
If you are interested in learning how to connect to an FTP server from the command line, read the last section of this guide.
Part 2 of 4: Connect to an FTP Server
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Step 1. Download FileZilla
Using a client to connect to an FTP server will usually be able to upload and download files faster than the other methods, and FileZilla is one of the most used programs. To download it, go to this address using your computer's browser, then follow these steps:
Click on Download FileZilla Client;
Click on Download FileZilla Client on the page that appears;
Click on the green button Download under the heading "FileZilla".
FileZilla is the program used as an example in this article, but you can use almost any FTP client the same way.
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Step 2. Install FileZilla
The steps vary based on your computer's operating system:
Windows: double click on the FileZilla installation file you just downloaded, click on Yes when asked, then click on I agree, then on Next four times, uncheck the Driver Update page, click Next, uncheck the WinZIP page and click on Next.
Mac: Double-click on the FileZilla DMG file you just downloaded, click and drag the FileZilla app icon to the one in the "Applications" folder, then follow the on-screen instructions until installation is complete.
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Step 3. Open FileZilla
Once the program is installed, click on Finish after checking the "Start FileZilla now" box or double-click the FileZilla icon on the desktop (Windows) or in the Applications folder (Mac) to open it.
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Step 4. Enter your FTP server information
At the top of the FileZilla window, fill in the following fields:
Host - here you have to enter the FTP address.
Username - here you must enter the username to log in (if the username is not required, type anonymous).
Password - the password to access the FTP server goes into this field (leave it blank if not needed).
Port - here you have to enter the number of the port used by the FTP server.
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Step 5. Click on Quickconnect
You will find this button in the upper right corner of the FileZilla window. Press it and the program will start connecting to the server.
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Step 6. Browse the contents of the FTP server
Once connected, you will see the FTP directory tree on the right side of the window. In the upper pane you will see the tree structure, while at the bottom the contents of each folder. At this point, you are ready to start uploading and downloading files.
Whenever you change folders, a short command is sent to the server. This means that you will notice a slight delay in switching between folders.
You can enter a specific path in the top right bar.
If you don't have permission to change some directories, you will get an error message when you try to access them.
Part 3 of 4: Uploading and Downloading Files
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Step 1. Consider using the built-in FTP program in your operating system
Windows computers, as well as Macs, have built-in solutions that allow you to download and upload files via FTP. You don't need to follow these steps if you've already installed FileZilla, but they're a quick way to transfer files if you don't need to manage your own FTP server.
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Step 2. Browse the local folders
On the left side of the window, you will see two panes where you can navigate between local folders. In this way, you will be able to choose the files to upload or the paths to save those you take from the server.
You can type an exact path in the top right bar
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Step 3. Download a file to your computer from the FTP server
Find the file or folder you want to download on the right side of the window, find the path where you want to save it in the left window, then click and drag the file from the bottom right pane to the bottom left pane. The transfer will start automatically.
You can see the size of the file in bytes in the "File Size" column.
You can select more than one file to download in the same session by holding Ctrl and clicking on as many as you want. The files will be transferred one at a time.
You can add files to the download queue by right clicking on them and selecting "Add files to queue".
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Step 4. Upload a file to the server
Open the path of the file or folder you want to upload on the left side of the window, then find the directory to upload it to on the right side. If you have permission to upload files to the FTP server, you can click and drag the file from left to right to start the transfer.
A lot of public FTPs don't allow anonymous users to upload files.
Uploading usually takes longer than downloading of comparable size.
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Step 5. Keep an eye on transfers
You can observe them in the lower part of the window. You will see the list of files that are about to be copied and that are in the queue, along with their size, priority and percentage of completion. You can also view failed and successful transfers by opening the "Failed Transfers" and "Completed Transfers" tabs at the bottom of the window.
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Step 6. Create your own server
You can use Windows to create a private FTP server that other users can connect to and upload (or download) files to.
Part 4 of 4: Using FTP from the Command Line
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Step 1. Open the command line or terminal
On Windows, Mac OS X, and many Linux distributions, a command line based FTP client is available in the Command Prompt or Terminal:
To open Command Prompt on Windows, press ⊞ Win + R, type cmd, then press Enter.
To open the Terminal on macOS, click on Spotlight
Macspotlight
type terminal, then double-click Terminal.
To open the Terminal on many Linux distributions, press Ctrl + Alt + T.
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Step 2. Connect to an FTP server
The commands are the same for all command line types, regardless of the operating system. To connect to the server, type ftp ftp.example.it. Once the connection is established, you will be asked for a username. If you want to connect to a public FTP, type anonymous, then press Enter when asked for the password. Otherwise, enter the username and password that have been assigned to you.
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Step 3. View the FTP server files
Type dir / p and press Enter to view the list of folders and files on the server.
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Step 4. Navigate to the directory you are interested in
Type cd directory (replacing "directory" with the folder or path you want to open), then press Enter.
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Step 5. Switch to binary mode
By default, the FTP protocol uses ASCII mode, which is designed to transfer text files. To switch to binary, type binary, then press Enter.
Binary mode is more suitable for downloading media files or entire folders
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Step 6. Download a file
Use the get command to download a file from the remote server to your local computer. Follow the command with the name of the file you want to download.
For example, type get example-j.webp" />
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Step 7. Upload a file
Use the put command to upload a file from your local computer to the remote FTP server. Follow the command with the path of the file you want to upload.
For example, type put c: / documents / movies / example2.avi to copy the "example2.avi" movie from its source folder to the FTP server
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Step 8. Close the connection
Type close to terminate the connection with the FTP client. All transfers in progress will be canceled.
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