A fully functional radiator is an essential element that prevents the engine from overheating. The coolant, heated by the engine, is channeled towards the radiator, where it cools by heat exchange. Over time, sludge builds up inside the radiator which makes the coolant less effective and alters engine performance and fuel consumption. Thanks to regular washing of this element (once every two to five years), you can ensure the optimal functioning of your vehicle.
Steps
Step 1. Make sure the engine is completely cold
Otherwise you will not be able to perform any maintenance on the radiator. The engine is perfectly cold if it has not been running for at least two hours. This step is vital, as the coolant in a car that has just been used gets very hot and could cause you severe burns.
Step 2. Lift the front of the car with jacks
Although not a mandatory procedure, it does allow you to work with greater agility under the radiator and at the same time eliminates the air bubbles of the liquid as you flush the system.
Step 3. Raise the hood and locate the radiator
It is usually located at the front, near the engine. Clean the metal grids (also called fins) that are located in front of and behind this element to allow air to pass through. Use a nylon bristle brush and soapy water for this. Move the brush in the direction of the blades to remove dust and dirt (do not rub perpendicularly, otherwise you could damage the grids).
Sometimes it is not possible to clean the grilles, because on some models the condenser of the air conditioning system is mounted in front of the radiator itself
Step 4. Verify that the radiator is in good condition and functioning properly
Check for large spots of rust, corrosion, or leaks from pipes and connectors. For example, if you smell antifreeze while driving, then you should take the car to a mechanic for a much more demanding repair than just washing the radiator.
- The radiator cap works like a lid that keeps the right pressure inside. It consists of a spring compressed between a large flat piece of metal and a rubber seal. The tension generated between the spring and the gasket allows the radiator to maintain its pressure. If you notice any signs of wear on any part of this element, then you need to replace the cap.
- You will notice that there are two pipes coming out of the radiator. The upper one allows the coolant to enter the radiator, while the lower one carries it towards the engine thanks to the action of the system pump. Make sure neither of the two pipes is pinched, otherwise the coolant will not be able to flow freely.
Step 5. Place a container exactly under the radiator drain valve
This can come in different shapes and sizes, but typically it is a small plug that you can remove to let the fluid flow out of the cooling system. Place a container under the valve to collect all the antifreeze as it drains.
- The valve is usually attached to the base of one of the radiator tanks and should be the only bolt in the area.
- It may be necessary to remove a small plastic cap from the bottom of the radiator to gain access to the drain valve. A screwdriver should be sufficient for this job.
Step 6. Drain the liquid by opening the valve
Remember to wear work gloves during this step of the procedure, as the coolant is toxic. When you have drained all the liquid, put the lid on the container and store it in a safe place.
Take the old antifreeze to a local mechanic for recycling
Step 7. Wash the radiator with water
By following the directions in the previous step, you will have eliminated only 40-50% of the refrigerant present in the system. For this reason you have to rinse the system with water. Here's how to proceed:
- Close the radiator valve.
- Insert the garden hose into the fill hole and fill the radiator with water until you see the level.
- Start the engine and let it idle for 10 minutes. Wait for the engine to cool down before resuming maintenance.
- Open the drain valve again and let the water drain into the container. This water will also be contaminated with the toxic coolant that was present in the radiator, so you will need to take it to the recycling facility. Don't let this mixture drain into the soil.
- Repeat the whole procedure 2-3 times.
- You can also purchase a "radiator cleaning solution" which needs to be added to the water. Make sure you have drained all of the solution completely before filling the system with new antifreeze.
Step 8. Add new coolant up to the maximum level mark
The best solution is made up of antifreeze and distilled water in equal parts. Mix the two products in a large bucket before pouring them into the radiator. Check that the type of antifreeze is suitable for your vehicle model.
- Refer to the vehicle's use and maintenance manual for the type of coolant or ask the auto parts store clerk for advice by communicating the make, model and year of manufacture of your car. Also check how much liquid you need to use, the quantities vary from 6 to 18 liters.
- Most cars use green coolant, but Toyotas need red coolant. Orange coolant is a new product that has been designed to last longer, but it is always best not to change the type of antifreeze every time you wash.
- If you mix two different refrigerants together, they could coagulate and costly repairs would be required.
Step 9. Eliminate the air bubbles
Remove the radiator cap and let the air out of the system, then start the engine. Let it idle for 15 minutes with the heat on, so all air pockets escape the radiator. This will give you more space for the coolant, so remember to top up if necessary.
Advice
- Once the coolant is added, check for leaks. Just remove the drain pan located under the vehicle and check for any dripping from the radiator.
- Take the used coolant to the auto parts store or a hazardous household waste collection area in your municipality, as it is toxic and deadly to wildlife.
- It may be necessary to add special additives to the cooling system of cars with diesel or aluminum engines. Always refer to the maintenance manual.
- When servicing an old car's cooling system, it's a good time to replace the thermostat, radiator cap, and hoses.
Warnings
- To drain the radiator fluid use a disposable container and label all fluids correctly.
- The radiator fluid has a sweet smell that attracts both animals and children; however, it is extremely toxic; keep it out of the reach of both of us.
