Carbon monoxide (whose chemical symbol is CO) is often referred to as a "silent killer". This is a toxic gas produced by malfunctioning fuel-burning devices or other commonly used household appliances. It is odorless and cannot be seen with the naked eye, but it is fatal to humans even in relatively small doses. In cases where it does not cause death, it can still cause lasting vascular and lung damage. By learning to recognize the causes and warning signs, by purchasing and installing CO detectors, and by carefully monitoring all potentially dangerous devices, you can avoid the accumulation of this harmful gas in your home.
Steps
Method 1 of 3: Install Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Step 1. Purchase the detectors
You can find them in every DIY store and hardware store, as well as in large supermarkets. The price is very variable, but some models cost as little as 15 euros.
Step 2. Evaluate the optional features
When you buy detectors you can look at different features.
- These devices should emit an acoustic signal with a minimum intensity of 85 decibels, which can be heard within three meters; if you or a family member have hearing problems, you should consider a model with a more powerful siren.
- Some detectors are sold in series and can be connected to each other: when one activates, the others do too; these devices are the ideal solution for large homes.
- Check the durability of the devices, as they can wear out over time; the sensor filament should last at least five years.
- Some are equipped with a digital display that allows you to know the exact amount of CO present in the air. This is not an essential option, but it allows you to identify dangerous accumulations more quickly.
Step 3. Find the right places
If you live in a small apartment, you can use a single detector, but if there are more than three rooms, you need to buy a larger number; you have to strategically place them in areas where gas accumulates.
- Carbon monoxide is lighter than air and therefore tends to rise towards the ceiling; therefore you must place the detectors on the wall, as close as possible to the ceiling.
- If the house is on several floors, place at least one device on each level, making sure that one is placed in the bedroom area.
- Do not put them in the kitchen, in the garage or near the fireplace; in these spaces there are momentary CO peaks which are not dangerous and which would cause the alarms to be activated unnecessarily.
Step 4. Learn the display and sound settings
They vary a lot according to the make and model of the detector, so you must read the instruction manual carefully. Most digital monitors display a number equivalent to the amount of carbon monoxide expressed in parts per million (ppm), and some devices also have a timer to determine the duration of the test. In many cases, an audible alarm volume control and an auto-off setting is available.
Step 5. Install the detectors
The unit should be equipped with all the information for assembly, make sure you have the necessary tools as you proceed to purchase the device, to avoid returning multiple times to the shop.
- Make sure you have a sturdy ladder to be able to fix the sensor at the top of the wall.
- Probably, you will need an electric drill, while screws should be included in the package.
Step 6. Replace the batteries
Some models plug directly into the electrical system or into an outlet, but most are battery-powered. The unit should make a noise when the batteries are low; make sure you always have at least one pack of replacement batteries of the correct size.
Method 2 of 3: Recognize Warning Signs without Sensors
Step 1. Recognize the physical symptoms
Carbon monoxide poisoning causes severe damage to the body and can be fatal. The physical ailments it entails can be difficult to distinguish from a number of other ailments, but there are signs to look out for:
- The main symptoms are headache, muscle weakness, dizziness, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, blurry vision, and loss of consciousness.
- If you complain of all these ailments at the same time, immediately move to fresh air and seek medical help.
Step 2. Watch out for moisture and condensation build-up
If you notice that there is condensed moisture on the table or inside the window panels, know that it could be a sign of a buildup of carbon monoxide. Humidity in the home can be the consequence of many factors, so don't panic; however, in the face of this phenomenon you should raise the threshold of attention towards physical discomfort or other signs of the presence of CO.
Step 3. Pay attention to pilot lights that go out often
If that of the water heater or gas stove goes out often, flickers or behaves abnormally, it could be a sign that there is too much CO in the environment; in any case, contact an experienced plumber or electrician for a thorough inspection.
Step 4. Look for running fuel engines in the indoor environment
Cars, electric generators or any device that burns oil emits a large amount of carbon monoxide; always turn on generators outdoors. Do not start the car engine in a garage with the shutter closed, otherwise you can suffer from severe and potentially fatal intoxication within minutes.
If you have symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning and you are near a running engine, go outside immediately and call 911
Method 3 of 3: Avoid Carbon Monoxide Accumulation
Step 1. Keep the vents clean and clear
CO builds up when your home's ventilation vents don't work properly; look at those of the air conditioning system and make sure that dust and other debris are not blocking the crevices.
- There is no need to clean them unless you notice a large build-up of debris. At least once a year, remove the grates and inspect the ducts for any large obstructions.
- When cleaning the vents, remove the protective grille with a screwdriver. Put the gray under running water to remove the dust and rub it with absorbent paper; then dry it with another paper towel before putting it back in its place.
Step 2. Clean the fireplace and chimney
A clogged chimney is the number one cause of CO accumulation. Even if you use it very rarely, you need to clean the chimney once a year; if you turn it on at least once a week, you need to do a thorough cleaning every four months.
- You cannot take care of the maintenance of the flue without the appropriate tools; Unless you have an extendable pipe cleaner and know how to use it, you need to call in an experienced professional.
- It is worth eliminating the soot present in the fireplace, to avoid the accumulation of CO. Use an aggressive detergent such as ammonia to spray the internal surfaces and rub them with an abrasive cloth; if you are using a corrosive chemical, wear a face mask when cleaning.
Step 3. Inspect the kitchen equipment
Cooking appliances, especially ovens, can emit carbon monoxide. If you use the oven regularly, check it at least once every two weeks to get rid of the accumulated soot and clean it with an abrasive sponge and ammonia.
- If you find that soot builds up easily, you should call an electrician to have the oven checked.
- Small appliances such as toasters can release dangerous amounts of CO; check that there is no soot near the heating elements and clean them if necessary.
Step 4. Smoke outdoors
If you are a smoker, light your cigarettes outside the home. Continuous and prolonged smoking in the home, in combination with poor ventilation and other risk factors, can cause a dangerous build-up of CO.
