The acronym STD stands for Sexually Transmitted Diseases. They are also sometimes referred to as STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). The contagion from one subject to another occurs through the exchange of body fluids, including those secreted during sexual intercourse. Some of the most common diseases are herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). In addition to being unpleasant, they can cause serious long-term health problems and some are even fatal. In any case, you can take several measures to substantially decrease the chances of contracting such a condition.
Steps
Part 1 of 4: Pay Attention to Your Partners
Step 1. Consider abstinence
The safest way to prevent an STD is to avoid sex, which includes oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
- Choosing to practice abstinence may be for some, but it is not a realistic or desirable solution for many. If you don't feel like it, there are many other ways to reduce the risk of getting an infection.
- Remember that abstinence-only sex education is usually less effective than other, more comprehensive forms of sex education. Even if you decide to practice it for some time, it is good to inform yourself about safe sex, because you never know what kind of situations you will face.
Step 2. Consider monogamy
The safest sexual relationships are those shared with only one person, as long as both members of the couple decide to be monogamous. Before having sex, both of you should undergo an examination to find out if you have an STD. If neither of you is infected and you both practice monogamy, the risk of infection is very low.
Step 3. Consider having sex with a few people
The fewer sexual partners you have, the lower the risk of getting an STD. You may also want to evaluate how many sexual partners the people you have sex with have also had. The fewer they are, the lower the risk of contagion.
Step 4. Only have sex with people who have been tested lately
Before having sex with someone, make sure that person has had a thorough examination. It is possible to get tested for most STDs and many conditions are treatable. If your partner's result is positive, refrain from sex until the treatment is complete. You will be able to start having sex with this person once the doctor gives the green light.
Remember that in the case of genital herpes there are no good screening tests (for any sex) and that in the case of human papilloma virus (HPV) there are no screening for males
Step 5. Ask specific questions of the people you have sex with to learn more about their sexual situation
Communication is key to preventing an STD. Talk openly about your sexual health and experiences. Make sure your partner gives you the same respect. Don't have sex with someone who is uncommunicative or defensive when you try to discuss safe sex. Both members of a couple must agree to protect each other.
Step 6. When having sex you need to be sober and aware of what is going on
Alcohol reduces inhibitions. If you have altered perceptions, you risk making bad decisions, such as not protecting yourself, which would not even occur to you when sober. Alcohol and drugs also increase the risk that the condom will not work as it should because it is more difficult to use it correctly. During intercourse, make sure you are sober enough to make smart decisions.
Step 7. Avoid drugs
Like alcohol, they can decrease inhibitions, lead to bad decisions and condom malfunction. Injectable drugs can also cause certain STIs to become infected, because sharing needles exchange body fluids.
Sharing needles is known to cause AIDS and hepatitis to spread
Step 8. Together with your partner, establish rules for practicing safe sex
Before having sex, you need to agree on it. Are you willing to have sex with condom only? Tell the other person clearly. If you want to have a healthy sexual relationship, support and respect each other.
Step 9. Don't have sex with a person who has obvious symptoms
Some STIs, such as genital herpes, are more contagious when they have visible symptoms. If the other person has open sores, rashes, or discharge, they are likely suffering from an STD and contagious. If you see anything suspicious, refrain from sex until she has had a visit.
Part 2 of 4: Safe Sex
Step 1. Understand that all types of sex, whether oral, anal or vaginal, carry the risk of contracting STIs
Oral sex with a condom is the least risky relationship, but there is no 100% safe practice. Either way, you can protect yourself to significantly lower the chances of contagion.
Step 2. Remember that protections are not foolproof
Devices like the male or female condom and the dental dam substantially reduce the risk of contracting an infection, however, even if minimal, the danger is always there. If you have any doubts about the effectiveness of a method, talk to your doctor.
Step 3. Learn the difference between contraception and STD prevention
Some methods to prevent STDs, such as male condoms, can also help avert the risk of pregnancy. However, many contraceptives do not help avoid transmission of STIs. Remember that all non-barrier methods of birth control, such as hormonal methods, intrauterine devices or spermicide, do not prevent the spread of disease.
Step 4. Before buying condoms, make sure they are made of latex and that the packaging guarantees their effectiveness against disease
Most condoms are made from latex and are effective in preventing STDs. However, there are also natural condoms, which are made from materials such as lambskin. Non-latex condoms can prevent pregnancy, but not STIs. To be safe, the box of condoms must clearly state that they protect against disease.
Step 5. Use condoms correctly and consistently
Condoms are very effective and reliable, as long as they are used in the right way. You can buy them at the supermarket, in the pharmacy, in the shops that sell erotic items, but it is also possible to get them for free in the counseling centers. Use it every time you have sexual intercourse - it only works if it is used consistently.
- The male condom adheres to the penis and must be put on before having penetrative intercourse. It can be used for vaginal, oral or anal sex. Open the package carefully (not with your teeth or a pair of scissors), place it on the penis with the reservoir up, pinch the tip and gently unroll it. Inspect it to see if it has any torn parts or holes. If it looks like it is about to break, take it off immediately. Also, use a lubricant to prevent it from tearing due to friction. Once the sexual act is complete, take it off (grabbing the edges) before losing your erection and throw it away carefully. Absolutely avoid reusing it.
- There is also a female condom. These condoms can be inserted into the vagina, just below the cervix, before sexual intercourse. The insertion is very similar to that of a tampon. They are more difficult to find, but you can try asking in a counseling center. This condom can be in latex or polyurethane. It is especially useful for women who want to be responsible in choosing methods to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy and STDs. The polyurethane female condom can be used if you have a latex allergy or when you want to use oil-based lubricants.
Step 6. Use only one condom at a time
Never "double" the protection. For example, men shouldn't wear more than one condom at a time. Also, male and female condoms should never be used simultaneously during sexual intercourse. Using more than one condom increases the chances of tears and breaks, making them much less safe than a single, properly used condom.
Step 7. Make sure the condoms have not expired
Check the expiration date on the package. Use them only if they are still good. Expired condoms are more likely to give problems during use.
Step 8. Do not store condoms in hot places and protect them from sunlight
When stored in cool, dry places, such as a drawer, they are less likely to break. However, if they are stored in warm or sunny places, such as a car or wallet, they will need to be replaced frequently to ensure they do not break during use.
Step 9. Use the dental dam
It is a latex square that is used to protect against STIs such as herpes during an oral sex act in contact with the vulva or anus. Helps protect mouth tissues from infections. It can be found in pharmacies and other stores that sell condoms. If absolutely necessary, cling film or a specially cut condom can also work.
Step 10. Try on disposable gloves for manual stimulation
If you have cuts on your hands that you are unaware of, the gloves will protect you and your partner from infection. They can also be used to make a makeshift dental dam.
Step 11. Do not take protection lightly when using sex toys that are shared with other people, such as a dildo or anal beads
Many STIs can be transmitted due to unsanitary devices. Clean and disinfect them after each use. Condoms can also be put on vibrators and dildos. Change the condom after each use and with each partner. Many sex toys have cleaning instructions that you can follow.
Step 12. Do not use oil-based lubricants in conjunction with latex products
Oil-based lubricants, such as mineral oil or petroleum jelly, can cause rips and malfunctions when used with latex condoms and dental dams. Choose only water-based ones. This information is usually indicated on the packaging.
Some condoms have a built-in lubricant
Part 3 of 4: Undergo Preventive Medical Treatments
Step 1. Vaccinate
Vaccines exist for some sexually transmitted diseases, including hepatitis A, hepatitis B and human papilloma virus (HPV). As a preventative measure, ask your doctor to vaccinate you or your child once they reach the recommended age.
It is recommended that the hepatitis A and B vaccine be given to infants during the first year of life, while children between the ages of 11 and 12 are given the HPV vaccine. In any case, adults who have never been vaccinated can contact their doctors to find out more
Step 2. Consider circumcision
According to some studies, circumcised men are less at risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. If you are a man who is at high risk, consider circumcision to decrease the chances of getting an infection.
Step 3. If you run a high risk of getting HIV, consider Truvada
It is a new medicine that helps reduce the chances of infection. If you have significant risk factors, talk to your doctor. For example, if your partner is HIV positive or you work in the sexual field, this drug can protect you.
Remember that Truvada is not enough to prevent HIV infections. Always use a condom when having sex with someone who tested positive, even if you are taking this medicine
Step 4. Avoid douching
Using chemicals or soaps to wash the vagina eliminates important bacteria that can help prevent the spread of STDs. Mucosal bacteria are effective for preventive purposes, so don't remove them
Part 4 of 4: Taking frequent exams
Step 1. Recognize the most common symptoms of STIs
Not all of them are symptomatic. However, there are a few things you can evaluate to determine if you or your partner has contracted a disease and therefore it is time to see a doctor. Here are some common symptoms.
- Sores and bumps in the area of the vagina, penis or rectum.
- Pain when urinating.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
- Unusual or foul-smelling discharge from the vagina or penis.
- Unusual vaginal bleeding.
Step 2. Remember that many STIs are treatable
If you are worried, don't avoid doctors. Many diseases are treatable and can even be permanently cured if diagnosed in time. Be honest and open with doctors. Learn about treatments.
Step 3. Determine if you are particularly at risk
Everyone should get tested for STDs frequently, but some demographics should get tested more often. Here are some of them:
- Women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
- People who have HIV. They are more prone to contracting other STIs.
- People who have sex with HIV-positive partners.
- Men who have homosexual relationships.
- Sexually active women under the age of 25 need to be tested for chlamydia more frequently.
- Sexually active women over the age of 21 must be tested for HPV.
- People born between 1945 and 1965 are most at risk for hepatitis C.
- If you have multiple partners, have a single partner sleeping with other people, use prostitution services, take certain drugs, engage in unprotected sex, have had an STI or STI in the past, or your mother had a certain STD during pregnancy or childbirth, you are at greater risk.
Step 4. Undergo frequent tests
If you are particularly at risk, do it every three to six months, and in the case of low risk every year or every three years. All sexually active people are at risk, so despite having a monogamous relationship, it is good to get tested every couple of years. If you protect yourself and address problems before infecting other people, you will reduce the risk of STDs spreading macroscopically. By protecting yourself, you protect everyone.
- Taking an exam is especially important when you have a new partner.
- There are tests for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and hepatitis B.
Step 5. A sample of blood, urine and other secretions will be analyzed
To get tested, your doctor will give you a follow-up visit, plus you will be asked for a complete blood and urine test. In case of sores or discharge from the genitals, these fluids will also be examined.
Step 6. Ask your partner for an exam
Encourage her to imitate you. Remind her that it is the best decision for both of you to be healthy. This doesn't mean that you don't trust her or that you aren't trustworthy. It is simply a smart choice.
Step 7. If you are not taking a test because you are afraid it will pay for you, you should know that the exams are free in many centers
They offer screening, sexually transmitted disease counseling, and so on. Here's who to contact to find out more:
- Clinic.
- School.
- General practitioner.
- Internet.
- ASL.
Step 8. Don't be ashamed
Taking a test is not a cause for embarrassment. It's a positive, smart, and healthy decision not only for yourself, but for everyone around you as well. If everyone had frequent tests, diseases would be much less common. You should be proud of doing your part for the good of the community.
Step 9. Remember that not all STDs can be diagnosed with an exam
For example, there are no good screening tests for genital herpes and there are no tests for male HPV. Even if your doctor tells you everything is okay, it is still safer to use condoms during sexual intercourse.
Step 10. Follow your doctor's instructions
If he tells you that you shouldn't have sex for safety reasons, listen to him. For example, people with genital herpes shouldn't have sex during a rash. Only start having intercourse again when your doctor tells you that you can.
Step 11. Having obtained the diagnosis, notify those directly involved
If you find out you have an infection, let your current and past sexual partners know so they can get tested. If you don't want to let them know, some centers offer an anonymous service to inform people who have been exposed to the infection.
Warnings
- Before using a condom, always check it, put it on correctly and use a water-based lubricant. Condoms are very effective, but only when used well.
- While being very cautious, you still run the risk of getting an STD.
- Non-barrier methods of contraception, such as hormonal methods or intrauterine devices, do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases and infections. If you are at risk, use a condom or other device as well.
- Some people are allergic to latex. If you are going to use a latex barrier method for the first time, take a test. If you or your partner are allergic, there are other ways to protect you, including the female condom. There are more and more devices available that are not latex. If you can't find them, try to avoid risky practices until you find an alternative.
- Remember that not all STIs are symptomatic. You or your partner may not be aware of this. If you are concerned that you have exposed yourself, see a doctor, even if you feel well.
